The association between reproductive factors and systemic sclerosis in Chinese women: A case‐control study and meta‐analysis

Abstract

Aim To examine the associations between female menstrual or reproductive factors and the development of systemic sclerosis (SSc) in China. Methods In this hospital‐based case‐control study, for each subject, data on reproductive and menstrual factors such as number of births, abortions, and age at menarche were obtained by structured questionnaire. Risk estimates, measured by the odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence interval (CI), were obtained by unconditional logistics regression. Furthermore, meta‐analysis was performed and pooled OR with 95% CI for the number of pregnancies and abortions were calculated. Results There were 166 SSc and 392 female controls seen during the study period. The results showed women with late menarche age (≥17 years) were less likely than those with earlier age at menarche to develop SSc (OR 0.347, 95% CI 0.174‐0.693) and compared with women without abortion, women with abortion (1 time) were at reduced risk of developing SSc (P = .036). After adjusting for potential confounders such as occupation and body mass index (BMI), late age at menarche (≥17 years) was associated with a decreased risk of SSc (OR 0.187, 95% CI 0.068‐0.513), but abortions were not significantly related to SSc. The meta‐analysis revealed there was no association between SSc and abortions or number of pregnancies. No significant publication bias was observed (P > .05). Conclusion Late age at menarche was associated with a reduced risk of SSc but abortion may not be an independent risk factor for SSc. Further investigations are required to verify our findings.