The Association Between Psychiatric Disorders and Frequent Indoor Tanning

Blashill, Aaron J.; Oleski, Jessica L.; Hayes, Rashelle B.; Scully, Jonathan M.; Antognini, Tad; Olendzki, Effie; Pagoto, Sherry L.

doi:10.1001/jamadermatol.2015.5866

Cited by 7 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 6 publications

(7 reference statements)

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“…The convenience sample from a single geographic location and study inclusion criteria limit generalizability to broader populations, including young women of other racial/ethnic groups and young men. The prevalence of indoor tanning dependence in our sample is higher than some previous studies, however most have involved general samples not young women with a history of indoor tanning in the past year (18, 20, 43). We observed a higher prevalence of indoor tanning dependence on the mDSM than the mCAGE, which is contrary to criticisms of the mCAGE (49) and may be a reflection of differences in performance of tanning dependence measures in general samples versus those who have recently indoor tanned.…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

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Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women

Mays

Atkins

Ahn

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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Background There is mounting evidence that young people can develop a dependence on indoor tanning, but research on factors associated with indoor tanning dependence remains limited. Methods This cross-sectional study investigated factors associated with indoor tanning dependence in a community sample of 389 non-Hispanic white young adult women ages 18 to 30 who had indoor tanned ≥ 1 time in the past year. Participants completed measures of indoor tanning dependence, including the modified CAGE (mCAGE) and modified DSM-IV (mDSM) psychiatric screening assessments, indoor tanning behavior and beliefs, and behavioral and psychiatric comorbidity. Results Overall, 22.6% of the sample screened positive for indoor tanning dependence. In multivariable analyses, indoor tanning dependence was associated with younger age of indoor tanning initiation (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 0.79, P = .017), indoor tanning ≥ 20 times in the past year (aOR = 3.03, P = .015), stronger beliefs about the benefits of tanning (aOR = 2.15, P = .004), greater perceived susceptibility to indoor tanning risks (aOR = 2.72, P <.001), stronger beliefs about physical appearance (aOR = 1.73, P = .037), and depressive symptoms (aOR = 3.79, P <.001). Conclusions Indoor tanning dependence among young, non-Hispanic white women is associated with behaviors that increase the risk of skin cancer, beliefs favoring the perceived benefits of tanning, and comorbid risks such as stronger beliefs about physical appearance and depressed mood. Impact Comprehensive skin cancer prevention efforts should address indoor tanning dependence among young women and its leading risk factors.

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 56%

“…Measures of psychiatric comorbidity were based on prior studies of indoor tanning behavior and dependence (18, 37, 42, 43). Sensation seeking was measured using an 8-item scale assessing participants’ proclivity for risk-taking (44).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women

Mays

Atkins

Ahn

et al. 2017

Cancer Epidemiology, Biomarkers &Amp; Prevention

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“…In a study with women indoor tanners the presence of SAD was associated with more problematic tanning and tanning to improve mood and relax (Culnan et al, 2015). In another study frequent indoor tanners had higher than expected rates of SAD, body dysmorphic disorder and elevated stress (Blashill et al, 2016). To the best of our knowledge there are no studies on the association between tanning dependence and seasonal symptoms in northern latitudes, where SAD/S-SAD is a common finding.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 86%

Tanning dependence and seasonal affective disorder are frequent among sunbathers but are not associated

Toledo

Yli-Uotila

Kautiainen

et al. 2019

Psychiatry Research

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Ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is a known risk factor for skin cancers. Those who are tanning dependent seek out UVR exposure. Many tanners have expressed symptoms of seasonal affective disorder (SAD), but conclusive evidence of a connection with tanning dependence is lacking. We evaluated the frequency of tanning dependence or abuse and symptoms of SAD among Finnish sunbathers and analysed whether phenomena are associated which could indicate a common biological mechanism. Sunbathing related tanning dependence/abuse among Finnish sunbathers were assessed using the Structured Interview for Tanning Abuse and Dependence measure (SITAD), and symptoms of SAD were assessed with the Seasonal Pattern Assessment Questionnaire (SPAQ). Of 229 sunbathers, 8% (n=18) were classified as tanning-dependent, and 26% (n=59) were classified as tanning abusers. Additionally, 16% (n=37) met the criteria for SAD, and 26% (n=60) met the criteria for subsyndromal seasonal affective disorder (S-SAD), but there was no significant association between tanning dependence or abuse and SAD or S-SAD.

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“…Current cigarette smoking was defined as smoking at least 100 lifetime cigarettes and now smoking every day or some days [32]. Additional measures were based on prior studies of indoor tanning behavior and tanning addiction [21,23,34,35]. Appearance orientation was measured with a 12-item scale capturing the value participants' place on their physical appearance.…”

Section: Self-report Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Policies restricting youth access (e.g., minimum age restrictions) are increasingly central to efforts to prevent and reduce indoor tanning [17]. Epidemiologically, substance abuse and addiction are generally more prevalent among those with psychiatric comorbidities, such as depression [18,19], and there is evidence of a similar pattern with indoor tanning addiction [20][21][22][23][24].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Associations with Indoor Tanning Addiction among non-Hispanic White Young Adult Women

Mays

Ahn

Zhang

et al. 2019

Annals of Behavioral Medicine

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Background Some young people may become addicted to indoor tanning in a manner similar to other forms of addiction, but research on genetic associations with indoor tanning addiction remains limited. Purpose To examine if liabilities in genetic addiction reward pathways and psychiatric comorbidity influence the risk of indoor tanning addiction. Methods This was a cross-sectional study with a community sample of 292 non-Hispanic white young adult women aged 18–30 years who reported indoor tanning in the past year. Self-report measures included indoor tanning frequency, appearance orientation, depressive symptoms, and two screeners of tanning addiction. DNA samples were analyzed for 34 single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in candidate genes in addiction reward pathways. Results No SNPs were significantly associated with tanning addiction in univariate analyses after multiplicity adjustment. In multivariable analyses adjusting for indoor tanning frequency, appearance orientation, and depressive symptoms, variant genotypes (CC or CT) in two DRD2 dopamine receptor gene SNPs were associated with increased odds of indoor tanning addiction (rs4436578, odds ratio [OR]: 2.30, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.11–4.77; rs4648318, OR: 1.95, 95% CI: 1.02–3.72). Variant SNP genotypes interacted with depressive symptoms to increase the risk of indoor tanning addiction: OR: 10.79, 95% CI: 3.25, 35.80, OR: 13.60, 95% CI: 4.13, 44.78, respectively. Conclusions This study provides preliminary evidence that DRD2 dopamine receptor gene SNPs are associated with indoor tanning addiction and young women with variant genotypes and elevated depressive symptoms may be at higher risk. These preliminary results support a reward-based model for indoor tanning addiction and warrant further investigation.

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The Association Between Psychiatric Disorders and Frequent Indoor Tanning

Cited by 7 publications

References 6 publications

Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women

Indoor Tanning Dependence in Young Adult Women

Tanning dependence and seasonal affective disorder are frequent among sunbathers but are not associated

Genetic Associations with Indoor Tanning Addiction among non-Hispanic White Young Adult Women

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