The Association Between Prolactin and Metabolic Parameters in PCOS Women: A Retrospective Analysis

Yang, Haisong; Di, Junbo; Pan, Jiexue; Yu, Rong; Teng, Yili; Cai, Zhuhua; Deng, Xiaohui

doi:10.3389/fendo.2020.00263

Cited by 38 publications

(45 citation statements)

References 72 publications

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“…The authors additionally found an association between TSH levels and a more adverse metabolic profile, which offers an explanation for the low prevalence of abnormal TSH in our sample [ 24 ]. Our low prolactin results are consistent with the results of Yang et al, who found significantly lower prolactin levels in PCOS patients compared to non-PCOS controls [ 25 ]. On the other hand, Szosland et al compared prolactin levels of PCOS and non-PCOS patients at nine different timings and found no significant difference between the two groups [ 26 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cutaneous Manifestations and Hormonal Changes Among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients at a Tertiary Care Center

Aljefri¹,

Alahmadi²,

Alajmi³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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Background: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is a highly prevalent endocrine disorder affecting 5%-10% of women worldwide. PCOS patients usually present with cutaneous manifestations of hyperandrogenism, such as acne, hirsutism, and androgenic alopecia.Objective: To estimate the prevalence of dermatological manifestations and their association with hormonal changes in PCOS patients. In addition, this study aimed to estimate the prevalence of comorbidities associated with PCOS and to demonstrate the referral pattern among Dermatology, Gynecology, and Primary Health Care (PHC).Methods: This is a cross-sectional study conducted at King Abdulaziz Medical City (KAMC) in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. All PCOS patients who attended KAMC from 2016 to 2021 were included. Data were collected through a retrospective chart review of the electronic medical record system (BestCare) and by utilizing a structured data collection sheet.Results: A total of 447 female patients were diagnosed with PCOS with a median age of 29 years and a median BMI of 28.76 kg/m 2 .The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations among patients was 68%. Hirsutism (47.3%), acne vulgaris (40.6%), and androgenic alopecia (20.3%) were the most common manifestations. The most common hormonal abnormalities were raised luteinizing hormone (LH) levels in 220 (49.1%) patients and raised LH/follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) ratio in 159 (35.5%) patients. FSH, LH/FSH ratio, and age were significant predictors for acne vulgaris (P-value=0.01, 0.04, and 0.01, respectively). Obesity (44.20%), infertility (25.70%), and dyslipidemia (17%) were the most common comorbidities in our sample. Most patients' first visits and follow-ups were in PHC. Conclusion:The prevalence of cutaneous manifestations among PCOS patients is relatively high and plays a significant role in making the diagnosis. Therefore, physicians across multiple specialties need to be more aware of the full spectrum of PCOS presentations to alleviate it from its under-diagnosed status.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

Cutaneous Manifestations and Hormonal Changes Among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients at a Tertiary Care Center

Aljefri¹,

Alahmadi²,

Alajmi³

et al. 2021

Cureus

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“…However, after adjusting for age and BMI, serum PRL levels were significantly negatively related to ALT in the NP group but positively related to ALT and g-GT in the HP group among males but not females. In contrast, Yang et al (52) revealed that serum PRL was negatively associated with AST and ALT in women with PCOS. Another study by Wang et al (53) showed a significantly negative association between serum PRL and ALT and AST in females but not in males with obesity.…”

Section: A B C Dmentioning

confidence: 87%

J-Shaped Relationship Between Serum Prolactin and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Female Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Zhu

Huang

et al. 2022

Front. Endocrinol.

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BackgroundMetabolic-associated fatty liver disease (MAFLD) has become a worldwide epidemic. Prolactin (PRL), a pituitary hormone, has been linked to MAFLD. As a result, we set out to look into the relationship between serum PRL and the risk of MAFLD in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).MethodsA total of 724 adults with T2DM were enrolled and categorized as MAFLD and non-MAFLD groups. Anthropometric data, biochemical parameters, and serum PRL levels were collected. Liver steatosis and fibrosis were assessed using FibroScan. Patients were stratified into normal PRL (NP) and high PRL (HP) groups and divided into four groups based on serum PRL quartiles. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the association between serum PRL and MAFLD risk.ResultsFemale but not male patients with MAFLD, liver steatosis, and fibrosis had significantly lower PRL levels in the NP group but higher PRL levels in the HP group than their counterparts. The proportions of MAFLD, liver steatosis, and fibrosis were significantly decreased in the NP group but increased in the HP group across the PRL quartiles in females but not in males. After multivariate adjustment, the adjusted ORs (AORs) and 95% CI for MAFLD among females were 18.165 (3.425–96.336), 1.784 (0.658–5.002), 1.744 (0.608–4.832), and 1.00 (reference) in the NP group (Q1–Q4, P-trend < 0.001) and 1.00 (reference), 11.098 (1.819–110.356), 15.225 (1.996–116.112), and 18.211 (2.579–128.568) in the HP group (Q1–Q4, P-trend = 0.020). Such associations were also found between serum PRL and liver fibrosis in females but not in males.ConclusionWe observed a J-shaped association between serum PRL and the risk of MAFLD and liver fibrosis in females but not in males with T2DM, indicating that PRL may be relevant to MAFLD and its progression in a gender-specific manner.Clinical Trial RegistrationChinese Clinical Trial Registry, number ChiCTR-OCS-12002381.

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“…Prolactin releases dopamine, which is the main neurotransmitter in the hypothalamus, where it controls the production of many hormones. Dopamine and prolactin form a feedback loop [ 41 , 42 ]. The regulation of prolactin is also influenced by estrogens, which increase the production and secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The regulation of prolactin is also influenced by estrogens, which increase the production and secretion of prolactin from the pituitary gland. Such a relationship leads to an increase in the amount of prolactin and the inhibition of the secretion of gonadotropins, which are responsible for the maturation of Graff’s follicles and ovulation [ 42 , 43 , 44 ]. We observed a positive correlation between nickel and estradiol in nonobese women with PCOS.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Levels of Trace Elements in Erythrocytes as Endocrine Disruptors in Obese and Nonobese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

Pokorska-Niewiada

Brodowska

Brodowski

2022

IJERPH

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Introduction: Polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is one of the most commonly recognized endocrinopathies in women. The literature lacks clear data that allow any meaningful conclusions to be drawn about the influence of trace elements in erythrocytes on the biochemical parameters of PCOS. Materials and methods: This study was conducted among 47 women meeting the Rotterdam criteria for the diagnosis of polycystic ovary syndrome. The research groups included women with PCOS with different BMI values (body mass index): obese women with PCOS (PCOS with BMI ≥ 30, mean BMI index 35.4 ± 4.4 kg/m2), nonobese PCOS women (PCOS with BMI < 30, mean BMI index 25.2 ± 2.8 kg/m2), and healthy control group (CG) with a mean BMI of 23.57 ± 0.9 kg/m2. The contents of trace elements in erythrocytes were determined with an inductively coupled plasma atomic emission spectrometer. Results: The only trace element showing significant differences in concentration between the studied groups was nickel (Ni). The level of nickel in the obese women with PCOS (BMI ≥ 30) was significantly higher than in nonobese women (BMI < 30). The content of other trace elements in erythrocytes did not differ significantly between the studied groups. Several significant correlations were found within each of the studied PCOS groups: in the group of obese women, the content of zinc (Zn) in erythrocytes positively correlated with prolactin, the content of magnesium (Mg) positively correlated with testosterone, and the content of manganese (Mn) negatively correlated with thyroid-stimulating hormone. In the group of nonobese women, Zn content correlated positively with testosterone, Ni with luteinizing hormone (LH) and estradiol, and Mg negatively correlated with estradiol. Conclusions: The relationship between the level of trace elements and the level of hormones suggests that, in obese women with PCOS, nickel may play a role in inhibiting the processes of folliculogenesis and ovulation. Research on trace elements and their relationship to ovulatory cycles and the development of PCOS may contribute to reducing the consequences of PCOS and, therefore, should be extended.

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The Association Between Prolactin and Metabolic Parameters in PCOS Women: A Retrospective Analysis

Cited by 38 publications

References 72 publications

Cutaneous Manifestations and Hormonal Changes Among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients at a Tertiary Care Center

Cutaneous Manifestations and Hormonal Changes Among Polycystic Ovary Syndrome Patients at a Tertiary Care Center

J-Shaped Relationship Between Serum Prolactin and Metabolic-Associated Fatty Liver Disease in Female Patients With Type 2 Diabetes

Levels of Trace Elements in Erythrocytes as Endocrine Disruptors in Obese and Nonobese Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

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