The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample

Hunte, Haslyn E. R.; Williams, David R.

doi:10.2105/ajph.2007.128090

Cited by 166 publications

(196 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…Prior research using the same dataset as our study finds that perceived discrimination is linked with increased obesity (Gee et al, 2008). However, there may be racial and ethnic variation in the association between discrimination and body mass (Hunte & Williams, 2009). …”

Section: Perceived Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Bostean

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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Studies find that longer-term immigrants have higher body mass index (BMI) than their more recently-arrived counterparts. Most interpretations of these health patterns by duration of U.S. residence rely on theories of immigrant integration; they posit that with increasing time in the United States, immigrants incorporate economically, socially, and culturally into aspects of U.S. society, and that these changes impact health. Few studies empirically examine whether these aspects of integration are indeed mediators of the association between duration of U.S. stay and BMI, and if their patterns differ across immigrant subgroups. This study examines data from the National Latino and Asian American Survey, using path analytic methods to simultaneously test six hypothesized mediators between duration and BMI: household income, English language ability, ethnic identity, family cohesion, acculturative stress and discrimination for both Latino and Asian immigrants, stratified by gender. We find little evidence for an association between duration and BMI for either Latino or Asian men. For women, duration and BMI have a significant and positive relationship, although the pathways differ between the two ethnic groups.For Latina women, household income and acculturative stress are significant indirect pathways, although they work in opposing directions. For Asian women, English proficiency and discrimination are significant indirect pathways. Our findings reveal complex pathways between duration and BMI that vary by ethnicity and gender and highlight limitations in the negative acculturation theory, which suggests that exposure to the United States should have a net negative impact on health. In contrast, our findings suggest not all groups show declining health with longer duration, as measured by BMI, and that integration processes do not always translate into health differences in the expected directions. Future research on duration patterns may need to consider alternative explanations beyond incorporation-based processes, such as cross-national health theories or age, period, cohort effects.3

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Section: Perceived Discriminationmentioning

confidence: 65%

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Bostean

2015

Social Science & Medicine

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“…Discrimination has been associated with more depressive symptoms (34), poorer mental health (4-6, 17), poorer sleep (35,36), increased adiposity (12)(13)(14)37), higher blood pressure (9)(10)(11), inflammatory biomarkers (15,16), and subclinical CVD (7,8). However, studies of discrimination and CVD risk factors are not unequivocal (2,17).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two scales with documented reliability and validity in diverse samples (12,(23)(24)(25)(26)(27) were used to measure perceived discrimination at baseline. The Lifetime Discrimination Scale, adapted from the Detroit Area Study (23), asked respondents to report whether they had ever been treated unfairly (yes/no) in 6 domains: being fired from a job or denied a promotion; not being hired for a job; being treated unfairly by the police; being discouraged by a teacher/advisor from continuing one's education; being prevented from moving into a neighborhood by a landlord or realtor; and having life made difficult by neighbors.…”

Section: Discrimination Measuresmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Experiences of ethnic discrimination and racism have long been considered to contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in CVD rates (2), but evidence for this is scarce. As several reviews have highlighted (3)(4)(5)(6), much of the extant literature on perceived discrimination and racism has focused on mental health consequences; more recently, studies have linked discrimination to physical health outcomes, including several indicators of cardiovascular health and functioning, such as higher prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification, higher blood pressure, greater visceral fat and central adiposity, and higher levels of C-reactive protein and E-selectin (7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)(14)(15)(16).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

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Perceived Discrimination and Incident Cardiovascular Events

Everson‐Rose¹,

Lutsey²,

Roetker³

et al. 2015

Am. J. Epidemiol.

103

108

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Perceived discrimination is positively related to cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors; its relationship with incident CVD is unknown. Using data from the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis, a population-based multiethnic cohort study of 6,508 adults aged 45-84 years who were initially free of clinical CVD, we examined lifetime discrimination (experiences of unfair treatment in 6 life domains) and everyday discrimination (frequency of day-to-day occurrences of perceived unfair treatment) in relation to incident CVD. During a median 10.1 years of follow-up (2000-2011), 604 incident events occurred. Persons reporting lifetime discrimination in ≥2 domains (versus none) had increased CVD risk, after adjustment for race/ethnicity and sociodemographic factors, behaviors, and traditional CVD risk factors (hazard ratio (HR) = 1.36, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.09, 1.70) and after control for chronic stress and depressive symptoms (HR = 1.28, 95% CI: 1.01, 1.60). Reported discrimination in 1 domain was unrelated to CVD (HR = 1.05, 95% CI: 0.86, 1.30). There were no differences by race/ethnicity, age, or sex. In contrast, everyday discrimination interacted with sex (P = 0.03). Stratified models showed increased risk only among men (for each 1-standard deviation increase in score, adjusted HR = 1.14, 95% CI: 1.03, 1.27); controlling for chronic stress and depressive symptoms slightly reduced this association (HR = 1.11, 95% CI: 0.99, 1.25). This study suggests that perceived discrimination is adversely related to CVD risk in middle-aged and older adults. cardiovascular disease; discrimination; race/ethnicity; risk factors Abbreviations: CI, confidence interval; CVD, cardiovascular disease; HR, hazard ratio; MESA, Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis.Racial/ethnic disparities in cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk in the United States are well-documented (1) but not clearly understood. Experiences of ethnic discrimination and racism have long been considered to contribute to racial/ethnic disparities in CVD rates (2), but evidence for this is scarce. As several reviews have highlighted (3-6), much of the extant literature on perceived discrimination and racism has focused on mental health consequences; more recently, studies have linked discrimination to physical health outcomes, including several indicators of cardiovascular health and functioning, such as higher prevalence of carotid artery atherosclerosis and coronary artery calcification, higher blood pressure, greater visceral fat and central adiposity, and higher levels of C-reactive protein and E-selectin (7-16).Evidence linking discrimination to CVD risk factors is inconsistent, with positive, null, and conditional associations that vary by race/ethnicity and/or sex being observed (see Lewis et al. (2) and Williams et al. (17) for reviews). Moreover, there is debate in the literature as to whether racial/ ethnic discrimination is more deleterious to health than other forms of discrimination (18). Few studies examining discrimination and CVD risk factors...

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“…Two studies have found associations between self-reported racism and coping mechanisms such as smoking, alcohol consumption, and substance use for White populations, suggesting that the underlying process of racism as a stressor can result in coping mechanisms of maladaptive health behaviors regardless of race/ethnicity. 50,51 In addition, other studies have found null associations among minority racial/ethnic groups. 31,32,51 This study may be underpowered to assess modest associations between self-reported racism and these behaviors with adjustment for a variety of sociodemographic factors among non-White racial/ethnic groups, and it may be overpowered to assess these associations for Whites, thus finding even the weak effects statistically significant.…”

Section: Self-reported Racism and Cancer-related Behaviorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Racism and Its Association With Cancer-Related Health Behaviors

2010

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Objectives. We used population-based survey data to estimate the prevalence of self-reported racism across racial/ethnic groups and to evaluate the association between self-reported racism and cancer-related health behaviors. Methods. We used cross-sectional data from the 2003 California Health Interview Survey. Questions measured self-reported racism in general and in health care. The cancer risk behaviors we assessed were smoking, binge drinking, not walking, being overweight or obese, and not being up to date with screenings for breast, cervical, colorectal, and prostate cancers. Analyses included descriptive analyses and logistic regression. Results. Prevalences of self-reported racism varied between and within aggregate racial/ethnic groups. In adjusted analyses, general racism was associated with smoking, binge drinking, and being overweight or obese; health care racism was associated with not being up to date with screening for prostate cancer. Associations varied across racial/ethnic groups. Conclusions. Associations between general racism and lifestyle behaviors suggest that racism is a potential stressor that may shape cancer-related health behaviors, and its impact may vary by race/ethnicity.

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The Association Between Perceived Discrimination and Obesity in a Population-Based Multiracial and Multiethnic Adult Sample

Cited by 166 publications

References 66 publications

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Duration of U.S. stay and body mass index among Latino and Asian immigrants: A test of theoretical pathways

Perceived Discrimination and Incident Cardiovascular Events

Racial/Ethnic Differences in Self-Reported Racism and Its Association With Cancer-Related Health Behaviors

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