The association between oral and gut microbiota in male patients with alcohol dependence

Abstract

IntroductionThe relationship between oral and gut microbiota in alcohol dependence (AD) is not well understood, particularly the effects of oral microbiota on the intestinal microbiota. The current study aimed to explore the association between oral and gut microbiota in AD to clarify whether oral microbiota could ectopically colonize into the gut.Methods16S rRNA sequence libraries were used to compare oral and gut microbial profiles in persons with AD and healthy controls (HC). Source Tracker and NetShift were used to identify bacteria responsible for ectopic colonization and indicate the driver function of ectopic colonization bacteria.ResultsThe α-diversity of oral microbiota and intestinal microbiota was significantly decreased in persons with AD (all p < 0.05). Principal coordinate analysis indicated greater similarity between oral and gut microbiota in persons with AD than that in HC, and oral-gut overlaps in microbiota were found for 9 genera in persons with AD relative to only 3 genera in HC. The contribution ratio of oral microbiota to intestinal microbiota composition in AD is 5.26% based on Source Tracker，and the AD with ectopic colonization showed the daily maximum standard drinks, red blood cell counts, hemoglobin content, and PACS scores decreasing (all p < 0.05).DiscussionResults highlight the connection between oral-gut microbiota in AD and suggest novel potential mechanistic possibilities.

Adolescent alcohol use is associated with differences in the diversity and composition of the oral microbiome

“…Differences in beta diversity between the groups were not significant using any of the dissimilarity metrics. This contrasts with the outcomes of several adult studies that revealed distinctions in beta diversity of the oral microbiome linked to alcohol intake (Barb et al, 2022;Fan et al, 2018;Hu et al, 2023;Li, Zhao, et al, 2022;Liao et al, 2022;Maley et al, 2024). Our inability to identify distinctions in beta diversity might indicate that although there are differences in diversity in terms of evenness, the overall structure of the microbiome between the two groups is similar.…”

SNP-based and haplotype-based genome-wide association on drug dependence in Han Chinese

“…BRCA1-associated protein ( BRAP ) is a regulatory protein that binds to several translocation signal proteins in the cytoplasm and contributes to several intracellular signaling pathways, including the mitogen-activated protein kinase signaling pathway during central nervous system development as a ubiquitin ligase [ 35 , 36 ], and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) [ 37 ] as a primary mediator of inflammatory cascades. Alcohol and other abused drugs can induce NF-κB activity and cytokine expression in the brain [ 34 , 38 ], indicating that the innate immune response is a causal link between NF-κB activation and substance abuse [ 36 , 39 ]. NF-κB can also induce the expression of a diverse set of gene targets involved in addictive processes, such as opioid receptors and neuropeptides [ 40 ].…”

The Complicated Relationship of Short-Chain Fatty Acids and Oral Microbiome: A Narrative Review

“…It has been noted that pathological conditions of the stomach, such as achlorhydria, promote colonization [124]. Moreover, barrier function was found to decrease with age and the presence of diseases such as alcoholism, cirrhosis, HIV infection, inflammatory bowel disease, colorectal cancer, and rheumatoid arthritis [125][126][127][128][129][130][131]. In a murine model transplant of the human oral microbiome, it has been demonstrated that Actinomyces, Streptococcus, Haemophilus, Veillonella, Fusobacterium, and Trichococcus are capable of colonizing the distal colon [132].…”