The Association between Obesity and Chronic Conditions: Results from a Large Electronic Health Records System in Saudi Arabia

Alghnam, Suliman; Alessy, Saleh A.; Bosaad, Mohamed; Alzahrani, Sarah; Alwan, Ibrahim I. Al; Alqarni, Ali; Alshammari, Riyadh; Dubayee, Mohammed Al; Alfadhel, Majid

doi:10.3390/ijerph182312361

Cited by 14 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…The OR values for older adults were found to be more than 2, indicating the enhanced risk associated with COVID-19. A significantly (p < 0.05) higher OR (> 4) in ICU patients older than 60 years supports the association of age, comorbidities, and potential risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19 (18)(19)(20)(21)(22).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

“…The comparative analysis revealed that the ICU admission of Saudi nationals showed a significantly (p = 0.01) higher odds ratio (3.21) than non-ICU (OR = 1.89) in the adjusted analysis (Table 3). Earlier studies indicated that a significant portion of the Saudi population (39.3%) suffers from several metabolic diseases, such as type 2 diabetes, hypertension, and obesity (18). Occurrences of metabolic diseases were found in the population in the early age.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization

Alharbi

Rabbani

Mohamed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was found to cause complications in certain groups of people, leading to hospitalization. Several factors have been linked to this, such as gender, age, comorbidity, and race. Understanding the precise reasons for the COVID-19-induced complications might help in designing strategies to minimize hospitalization. A retrospective, cross-sectional observational study was conducted for patients in a COVID-19-designated specialty hospital after obtaining ethical clearance. Patients' demographic and clinical characteristics, such as age, gender, race, vaccinated status, complications, comorbidities, and medications, were retrieved from the hospital medical database. The data were statistically analyzed to determine the association between the predictors and the outcomes of COVID-19. An odds ratio (both unadjusted and adjusted) analysis was carried out to determine the risk factors for hospitalization [non-intensive care (non-ICU) and intensive care (ICU)] due to COVID-19. The data from the study indicated that the majority of patients hospitalized due to COVID-19 were male (>55%), aged > 60 years (>40%), married (>80%), and unvaccinated (>71%). The common symptoms, complications, comorbidities, and medications were fever, pneumonia, hypertension, and prednisolone, respectively. Male gender, patients older than 60 years, unemployed, unvaccinated, complicated, and comorbid patients had an odds ratio of more than 2 and were found to be significantly (p < 0.05) higher in ICU admission. In addition, administration of prednisolone and remdesivir was found to significantly reduce (p < 0.05) the odds ratio in ICU patients. The analysis of the data suggested that male gender, age above 60 years, and unvaccinated with comorbidities increased the complications and resulted in hospitalization, including ICU admission. Hypertension and type 2 diabetes associated with obesity as metabolic syndrome could be considered one of the major risk factors. Preventive strategies need to be directed toward these risk factors to reduce the complications, as well as hospitalization to defeat the COVID-19 pandemic.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 54%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Analysis of potential risk factors associated with COVID-19 and hospitalization

Alharbi

Rabbani

Mohamed

et al. 2022

Front. Public Health

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“…However, in our study, no significant association was found between Hurley stage and BMI, although the majority of our patients were morbidly obese. However, it is important to note that the majority of the Saudi population are obese which could explain why patients with both mild and severe Hurley stage had the highest percentage of morbid obesity, and therefore, this could be masking the relation between BMI and HS disease severity [ 22 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Hidradenitis Suppurativa: Estimated Prevalence, Clinical Features, and Risk Factors in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Alsadhan¹,

Alfawzan²,

Yaqoub³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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BackgroundHidradenitis suppurativa (HS) is a chronic and recurrent inflammatory disease with a global prevalence of 1-4%, characterized by multiple painful nodules, abscesses, and fistulas that form scars in intertriginous regions (i.e., inguinal, axillary, mammary). HS is a complex and debilitating disease with a negative impact on quality of life. We aim to determine the prevalence, clinical features, risk factors, and comorbidities of HS. MethodologyA retrospective, descriptive, cross-sectional study was conducted in King Abdulaziz Medical City from 2016 to 2020. Information of all confirmed cases of HS was extracted via computerized medical records. Data analysis was performed using SPSS version 24 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA). Categorical data were calculated based on frequency and percentage using the chi-square test to obtain p-values. ResultsOur initial search yielded 196 cases, of which 13 were excluded due to incomplete medical information. The prevalence of HS was 1.29%. The mean age was 27 years, with a male predominance. More than one-third of our patients were morbidly obese, and most of the patients were in Hurley stage 1 of both genders. The most commonly affected area was the axilla, followed by the inguinal area. The most common coexisting disease was diabetes mellitus type 2, followed by lipid disorders and acne. ConclusionsThis study documents the common demographic and clinical features of HS. It is a challenging disease in terms of detection and management, and it is critical to raise awareness among the public and physicians to minimize the devastating impact on HS patients.

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“…I have read the interesting and informative paper recently published by Alghnam and colleagues that examined associations between obesity and diabetes (DM) and hypertension (HTN) [ 1 ]. This cross-sectional study involved a population-based sample across several Saudi Arabian regions, providing a clearer focus of the burden of these issues in the country.…”

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confidence: 99%