The Association between Negative and Dysexecutive Syndromes in Schizophrenia: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Ihara, Hiroshi; Berríos, Germán E.; McKenna, Peter

doi:10.1155/2003/304095

Cited by 11 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(34 reference statements)

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“…The visuospatial executive planning ability, measured with the Key Search Test (KST), failed to show a deficit in FES subjects. Impairment in KST was previously demonstrated in studies of chronic SZ (Evans et al, 1997 ; Ihara et al, 2003 ; Vargas et al, 2009 ). The fact that we evaluated first psychotic episode of schizophrenia spectrum patients in early remission could explain this contradictory finding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

“…The fact that we evaluated first psychotic episode of schizophrenia spectrum patients in early remission could explain this contradictory finding. Ihara et al ( 2003 ) showed connection between the KST performance and the severity of negative symptoms in chronic SZ subjects. The mild severity of negative symptoms in our FES group could be responsible for the lack of significance found in KST.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparison of Visuospatial and Verbal Abilities in First Psychotic Episode of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Global Functioning and Quality of Life

Rodríguez

Španiel

Konrádová

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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Objectives: Deficit in visuospatial functions can influence both simple and complex daily life activities. Despite the fact that visuospatial deficit was reported in schizophrenia, research on visuospatial functions as an independent entity is limited. Our study aims to elucidate the impact of visuospatial deficit in comparison with verbal deficit on global functioning and quality of life in the first psychotic episode of schizophrenia spectrum disorder (FES). The significance of clinical symptoms and antipsychotic medication was also studied.Methods: Thirty-six FES patients and a matched group of healthy controls (HC group) were assessed with a neuropsychological battery focused on visuospatial (VIS) and verbal (VERB) functions. Using multiple regression analysis, we evaluated the cumulative effect of VERB and VIS functions, psychiatric symptoms (PANSS) and antipsychotic medication on global functioning (GAF) and quality of life (WHOQOL-BREF) in the FES group.Results: The FES group demonstrated significant impairment both in VIS and VERB cognitive abilities compared to the HC group. Antipsychotic medication did not significantly affect either VIS or VERB functioning. PANSS was not related to cognitive functioning, apart from the Trail Making Test B. In the FES group, the GAF score was significantly affected by the severity of positive symptoms and VERB functioning, explaining together 60% of GAF variability. The severity of negative and positive symptoms affected only the Physical health domain of WHOQOL-BREF. The degree of VERB deficit was associated with both Physical and Psychological health. Although we did not find any relation between VIS functioning, GAF, and WHOQOL-BREF, a paradoxical finding emerged in the Environment quality domain, where a worse quality of the environment was associated with better VIS functioning.Conclusions: Our results suggest that the deficit in VIS functions is an integral part of cognitive deficit in schizophrenia spectrum disorders, rather than a side effect of symptomatology or antipsychotic medication. Moreover, VERB functioning was a better predictor of GAF and WHOQOL-BREF than VIS functioning. Given the findings of negative or missing effect of VIS deficit on WHOQOL-BREF and GAF, the accuracy of these measures in evaluating the impact of global cognitive deficit on everyday life in schizophrenia could be questioned.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 67%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Visuospatial and Verbal Abilities in First Psychotic Episode of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Global Functioning and Quality of Life

Rodríguez

Španiel

Konrádová

et al. 2015

Front. Behav. Neurosci.

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“…While the use of the BADS‐C has not yet been reported in the literature, the adult version of the test has been utilized with a range of patient populations. The BADS therefore appears to be sensitive at detecting executive dysfunction in schizophrenic patients [Cools, Brouwer, de Jong, & Slooff, 2000; Evans, Chua, McKenna, & Wilson, 1997; Ihara, Berrios, & McKenna, 2000, 2003; Katz, Tadmor, Felzen, & Hartman‐Maeir, 2007; Krabbendam, de Vugt, Derix, & Jolles, 1999], drug users [Verdejo‐Garcia & Perez‐Garcia, 2007; Zakzanis & Young, 2001], chronic alcoholics [Moriyama et al, 2002], patients with depression [Paelecke‐Habermann, Pohl, & Leplow, 2005], patients with Parkinson's disease [Kamei et al, 2008] patients with Alzheimer's disease [Amanzio, Geminiani, Leotta, & Cappa, 2008] and patients with traumatic brain injury [Bach, Happé, Fleminger, & David, 2006; Bennett, Ong, & Ponsford, 2005a,b]. Most of the subtests also appear to have good test‐retest reliability [Jelicic, Henquet, Derix, & Jolles, 2001].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Impairments on “open‐ended” executive function tests in autism

2009

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The executive function (EF) theory of autism has received much support recently from a growing number of studies. However, executive impairments have not always been easy to identify consistently and so novel "ecologically valid" tests have been designed which tap into real-life scenarios that are relevant to and representative of everyday behavior. One characteristic of many of these tasks is that they present the participant with an "ill-structured" or "open-ended" situation. Here, we investigated the possibility that tasks with greater degrees of open-endedness might prove more sensitive to detecting executive impairment in autism. Forty-five children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) were compared to 27 age- and IQ-matched control children on a range of cognitive tests of EF. Group differences were found on half of the tasks, with the greatest degree of impairment detected on the more open-ended tasks. The ASD group also performed more poorly on a simple control condition of a task. Detailed consideration of task performance suggested that the ASD group tended to create fewer spontaneous strategies and exhibit more idiosyncratic behavior, which particularly disadvantaged them on the more open-ended tasks. These kinds of behaviors have been reported in studies of neurological patients with frontal lobe involvement, prima facie suggesting a link between the scientific fields. However, we suggest that this behavior might equally result from a poor understanding of the implicit demands made by the experimenter in open-ended test situations, due to the socio-communicative difficulties of these children.

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“…Over the last century, the neuroscience of SCZ has developed on various research pathways in parallel, evaluating other ideas for the etiology of the disease, from mental symptoms to a theory of mind and social cognition [ 3 ]. Nowadays, we know the brain substrates of both positive and negative symptoms in patients with SCZ.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Schizophrenia, the gut microbiota, and new opportunities from optogenetic manipulations of the gut-brain axis

2021

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Schizophrenia research arose in the twentieth century and is currently rapidly developing, focusing on many parallel research pathways and evaluating various concepts of disease etiology. Today, we have relatively good knowledge about the generation of positive and negative symptoms in patients with schizophrenia. However, the neural basis and pathophysiology of schizophrenia, especially cognitive symptoms, are still poorly understood. Finding new methods to uncover the physiological basis of the mental inabilities related to schizophrenia is an urgent task for modern neuroscience because of the lack of specific therapies for cognitive deficits in the disease. Researchers have begun investigating functional crosstalk between NMDARs and GABAergic neurons associated with schizophrenia at different resolutions. In another direction, the gut microbiota is getting increasing interest from neuroscientists. Recent findings have highlighted the role of a gut-brain axis, with the gut microbiota playing a crucial role in several psychopathologies, including schizophrenia and autism.There have also been investigations into potential therapies aimed at normalizing altered microbiota signaling to the enteric nervous system (ENS) and the central nervous system (CNS). Probiotics diets and fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) are currently the most common therapies. Interestingly, in rodent models of binge feeding, optogenetic applications have been shown to affect gut colony sensitivity, thus increasing colonic transit. Here, we review recent findings on the gut microbiota–schizophrenia relationship using in vivo optogenetics. Moreover, we evaluate if manipulating actors in either the brain or the gut might improve potential treatment research. Such research and techniques will increase our knowledge of how the gut microbiota can manipulate GABA production, and therefore accompany changes in CNS GABAergic activity.

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The Association between Negative and Dysexecutive Syndromes in Schizophrenia: A Cross‐Cultural Study

Cited by 11 publications

References 33 publications

Comparison of Visuospatial and Verbal Abilities in First Psychotic Episode of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Global Functioning and Quality of Life

Comparison of Visuospatial and Verbal Abilities in First Psychotic Episode of Schizophrenia Spectrum Disorder: Impact on Global Functioning and Quality of Life

Impairments on “open‐ended” executive function tests in autism

Schizophrenia, the gut microbiota, and new opportunities from optogenetic manipulations of the gut-brain axis

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