“…On the contrary, disadvantaged families suffering the challenges of premature birth might particularly benefit from support in an area of parenting that is part of the spontaneous parenting repertoire, with individual differences. By suggesting that an enriched home musical environment has direct implications for supporting word comprehension and gestural communication, the results are consistent with research that has been recently accumulating on how musical activities can enhance language development in infants [50,58] and also contribute to communication [47,84], as well as vocabulary, numeracy, attentional and emotional regulation in young children [85] When considering the measured language outcomes separately, our analysis suggested that the development in CDI-UK Comprehension was predicted by the Music@Home general factor over and above the influence of age and independently from general enrichment in interactions with infants and other variables, which included infant demographics. Our analysis revealed a more nuanced pattern for CDI-UK Gesture, for which, besides the Music@Home general factor and the expected infant age (corrected) effect, gestational age at birth also contributed to predicting gesture scores, more explicitly, the lower the gestational age, the lower the gestural communication, but still not showing delays when comparing with norms.…”