The association between muscle mass deficits and arterial stiffness in middle-aged men

Exploring the Association between Vascular Dysfunction and Skeletal Muscle Mass, Strength and Function in Healthy Adults: A Systematic Review

“…All 33 studies were either cross-sectional or randomized controlled trials published within the past 10 years (Table 1). Twenty-three studies [20,26,27,[33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52] included healthy mixed-age adults (age range 18-95) and two studies [53,54] included healthy community-dwelling older adults (age range [65][66][67][68][69][70][71][72][73][74][75][76][77][78][79][80][81]. Six studies sampled participants with hypertension [55][56][57][58][59][60], one study sampled individuals with diabetes as a comparator to healthy aged popula...…”

“…Six studies sampled participants with hypertension [55][56][57][58][59][60], one study sampled individuals with diabetes as a comparator to healthy aged population [61], and one study [62] did not report participant demographics. Study populations varied from a minimum of 6 [20] to a maximum of 3356 [42] participants. Eight studies included only men [25,27,37,42,49,50,56,61] and four studies included only women [38,52,53,60].…”

“…Study populations varied from a minimum of 6 [20] to a maximum of 3356 [42] participants. Eight studies included only men [25,27,37,42,49,50,56,61] and four studies included only women [38,52,53,60]. Most studies reported the age range of the participants, except for two studies with one claiming to study "middle-aged" adults [46] and one using adult participants [62].…”

“…Most studies reported a measurement of skeletal muscle strength [26,27,[34][35][36][37]39,41,49,53,55,57,59,60]. Thirteen studies assessed muscle mass [20,25,27,34,39,[42][43][44]47,48,54,58,61] and six studies assessed muscle fiber cross-sectional area (CSA) [33,46,47,56,61,62]. Seven studies examined muscle function [35,38,40,[49][50][51][52], one study assessed muscular power [41] and one study assessed the muscle anabolic response [20].…”

“…Seven studies examined muscle function [35,38,40,[49][50][51][52], one study assessed muscular power [41] and one study assessed the muscle anabolic response [20]. Body composition was measured as whole body lean mass [27,34,35,[38][39][40][42][43][44][47][48][49]51,52,54,58] or as appendicular lean mass [20,25,26,33,36,37,41,46,50,53,[55][56][57][59][60][61][62]. To assess skeletal muscle mass various modalities were utilized including BIA [42][43][44]54,58], DXA [25,27,…”