The association between microbial community and ileal gene expression on intestinal wall thickness alterations in chickens

Abstract

The dynamic development of the animal intestine with a concurrent succession of microbiota and changes in microbial community and metabolite spectrum can exert far-reaching effects on host physiology. However, the precise mechanism of mutual response between microbiota and the gut is yet to be fully elucidated. Broilers with varying developmental degrees of intestinal wall thickness were selected, and they were divided into the thick group (H type) and the thin group (B type), using multiomics data integration analysis to reveal the fundamental regulatory mechanisms of gut–microbiota interplay. Our data showed, in broilers with similar body weight, the intestinal morphological parameters were improved in H type and the diversity of microbial communities is distinguishable from each other. The beneficial bacteria such as Bifidobacterium breve was increased whereas avian endogenous retrovirus EAV-HP was decreased in the H type compared with the B type. Furthermore, microbial metabolic potentials were more active, especially the biosynthesis of folate was improved in the H type. Similarly, the consolidation of absorption, immunity, metabolism, and development was noticed in the thick group. Correlation analysis indicated that the expression levels of material transport and immunomodulatory-related genes were positively correlated with the relative abundance of several probiotics such as B. breve , Lactobacillus saerimneri , and Butyricicoccus pullicaecorum . Our findings suggest that the chickens with well-developed ileal thickness own exclusive microbial composition and metabolic potential, which is closely related to small intestinal morphogenesis and homeostasis.

Cecal microbiota contribute to the development of woody breast myopathy

“…Another SCFA producer, B. pullicaecorum , is a butyrate-producing probiotic. By activating the SCFA transporter and/or receptor, B. pullicaecorum could promote the absorption of neutral amino acids and bile salts, stimulate secretion of immune effectors ( Tang et al., 2020 ), reduce the abundance of Clostridium perfringens and Escherichia Shigella in the broiler ceca and ileum ( Eeckhaut et al., 2016 ), and improve the clinical outcome of colorectal cancer in mice ( Chang et al., 2020 ). The lower abundance of B. pullicaecorum may indicate a microenvironment that is more susceptible to pathogens and weaker in immune responses in the ceca of WB-affected birds.…”

Ileal Microbiota Alters the Immunity Statues to Affect Body Weight in Muscovy Ducks

“…Alternatively, early colonization of probiotics (17,18) and fecal microbiota transplantation (19) can accelerate the maturation of the intestinal microbes and improve the growth performance of the host. To date, most investigations on the ileal microbiota in poultry is about chickens (20)(21)(22)(23). However, little is known about the bacteria in the ileum of Muscovy ducks.…”

Managing Gut Microbiota through In Ovo Nutrition Influences Early-Life Programming in Broiler Chickens

“…Moreover, the quickly developing GIT is an excellent environment for the colonization of microorganisms. Meanwhile, the gut microbiota is critical for intestinal development, intestinal gene expression, and intestinal wall thickness [ 47 , 83 ]. Supplementation with commercial probiotics and mannan oligosaccharide increased the villus height and villus area in poults [ 84 ].…”