The association between lunch composition and obesity in Iranian adults

Abstract

We aimed to assess the dietary composition of lunch meal using a posteriori derived dietary patterns and to determine the association of lunch composition with obesity in a sample of Iranian adults. This cross-sectional study was conducted on 850 men and women in Tehran (aged 20-59 y). Dietary intakes were assessed using three 24-h dietary recalls, and dietary patterns were identified via principal component factor analysis. For each identified pattern, scores were calculated for each participant and then classified into tertiles. Central obesity was defined WHO criteria. General obesity was defined as a body mass index of more than 30 kg/m2. Three major dietary patterns were identified at lunch meal using 12 food groups: “Bread, grains and fat”, “Western”, and “Potato and eggs”. After adjustment for potential confounders, participants at the top tertile of the “Bread, grains and fat” dietary pattern had greater odds for a higher waist to hip ratio, compared with those in the lowest tertile (OR, 1.44; 95% CI: 1.01 to 2.07). However, we found no association between ‘Western or ‘“potato and eggs” patterns and waist to hip ratio (OR 0.89, 95% CI: 0.62 to 1.28 and OR 1.16, 95% CI: 0.69 to 1.42, respectively). None of the identified dietary patterns was associated when defining obesity with waist circumference or body mass index. In conclusion, participants had a greater chance of central obesity defined based on waist to hip ratio following a lunchtime pattern with a higher and positive loading factor for “Bread, grains and fat”.

Association of meal-specific protein intake and cardiometabolic risk factors: a cross-sectional study

“…Participants at the top tertile of the lunch-specific ‘Bread, grains, and fat’ intake had a higher waist-to-hip ratio compared with those in the lowest tertile. There was not any other significant association (21) . Another cross-sectional study on a total of 840 Iranian adults with an age range of 20–65 years showed a significant association between a lunch-specific animal-based low-carbohydrate diet, collected via 24-h dietary recall, and general obesity after essential adjustments (22) .…”

Determining the effective factors in predicting diet adherence using an intelligent model

“…Some studies showed that these factors could affect nutritional status. For example, Akbarzade et al discovered that the volume and composition of the midday meal could impact obesity 36 . Therefore, having lunch at the wrong time will be a predisposing factor for obesity and overweight.…”

Meal-specific dietary patterns and their contribution to habitual dietary patterns in the Iranian population

“…The number of studies focusing on meal-specific dietary patterns is growing. We previously reported the association of major dietary patterns at breakfast (64) and lunch (65) and dinner (50) levels with obesity.…”