The Association Between Intestinal Bacteria and Allergic Diseases—Cause or Consequence?

Abstract

The incidence of allergic disorders has been increasing over the past few decades, especially in industrialized countries. Allergies can affect people of any age. The pathogenesis of allergic diseases is complex and involves genetic, epigenetic, and environmental factors, and the response to medication is very variable. For some patients, avoidance is the sole effective therapy, and only when the triggers are identifiable. In recent years, the intestinal microbiota has emerged as a significant contributor to the development of allergic diseases. However, the precise mechanisms related to the effects of the microbiome on the pathogenesis of allergic diseases are unknown. This review summarizes the recent association between allergic disorders and intestinal bacterial dysbiosis, describes the function of gut microbes in allergic disease development from both preclinical and clinical studies, discusses the factors that influence gut microbial diversity and advanced techniques used in microbial analysis. Ultimately, more studies are required to define the host-microbial relationship relevant to allergic disorders and amenable to new therapeutic interventions.

Maternal Influences and Intervention Strategies on the Development of Food Allergy in Offspring

“…The scientific community widely studied and debated the role of allergen exposure during pregnancy and lactation in allergy prevention. The method of allergen detection in the amniotic fluid and breast milk can provide insight into whether allergens from the mother’s diet can gain access to the developing baby and stimulate allergic sensitization ( 40 , 41 ).…”

The Immune System through the Lens of Alcohol Intake and Gut Microbiota

“…During the last years, a substantial number of studies on the impact of gut microbiota and host health have been conducted, showing that the disruption of gut microbiota homeostasis (called dysbiosis) is related to a large array of diseases. These include metabolic diseases like obesity and metabolic-associated fatty liver disease [ 7 , 8 ], irritable bowel syndrome [ 9 ] as well as several immune-related diseases like allergies [ 10 ], autoimmune diseases [ 11 ], and inflammatory bowel disease [ 12 ]. These latter associations illustrate the direct interaction between gut microbiota and the immune system.…”

Alergias alimentarias en pediatría: frecuencia, características clínicas y alergenos más frecuentes en pacientes de un consultorio pediátrico de alergia de referencia

“…Esto representa un verdadero desafío a la hora de elaborar y cumplir las dietas de exclusión y determina que probablemente un niño con esta condición tendrá medidas antropométricas inferiores a un niño sin alergia alimentaria. Una limitante por el diseño del estudio constituye el déficit de datos para valorar factores de riesgo como (24) los antecedentes familiares o las características de la alimentación, como tipo de lactancia e introducción (25) de alimentos complementarios , ya que varios estudios proponen que el microbiota intestinal inducida por la alimentación pudiera prevenir o (26) predisponer la emergencia de alergias alimentarias aunque el mecanismo continúa siendo objeto de (27,28) investigación . También es necesario considerar elementos relacionados con el medio ambiente además de los factores alimentarios, así como la (29) predisposición genética .…”