The association between interleukin-6 gene -174G/C single nucleotide polymorphism and sepsis: an updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis

Abstract

Background This article intends to explore the association between interleukin-6 gene ( IL-6 ) -174 G/C single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) and the risk and mortality of sepsis by conducting this updated meta-analysis with trial sequential analysis. Methods References were made to PubMed, Web of Science, China National Knowledge Infrastructure for studies available by September 2018. Each publication was screened for its eligibility and data accessible. Statistical analysis was conducted on Stata 14.1 and TSA software 0.9.5.10 Beta Results Twenty studies (including 3282 cases and 4926 controls) and eight studies (including 610 cases and 1856 controls) were respectively enrolled in the analysis on the association between IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism and the risk and mortality of sepsis. The results did not present any association between IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism and the risk and mortality of sepsis. An exception was that IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism was correlated with worse outcome in non-adults in recessive model, co-dominant model (CC vs. GG) and allelic model, while trial sequential analysis revealed it could be a false positive result nevertheless. Conclusions IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism is not associated with the risk and mortality of sepsis. Trial sequential analysis showed that a large sample size was needed to get a more reliable result of the association between IL-6 -174 G/C polymorphism and sepsis in non-adults. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12881-019-0766-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Zinc deficiency as a possible risk factor for increased susceptibility and severe progression of Corona Virus Disease 19

“…The frequency of this polymorphism increases with age and offers an additional explanation for Zinc deficiency predisposes for Corona Virus Disease 19 the high risk of Zn deficiency described for the elderly (46,101) . Interestingly, the IL-6-174 SNP was also associated with an increased risk for severe progression of and mortality from COVID-19, as was suggested previously for sepsis, but never proven up to now (102)(103)(104) . Individuals with this SNP could be actively supplemented with Zn, not only to help prevent severe COVID-19 but also to enable a balanced immune response in general (46,105) .…”

The Effect of Interleukin-6 and Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha Gene Polymorphism and Hormone Replacement Therapy on Polycystic Ovary Syndrome

“…However, we discovered a statistically significant association between studies that followed the HWE under the allele model and dominant model in our research (3). A further meta-analysis discovered a significant association between the IL-6 rs1800795 polymorphisms and the risk of PCOS in the allelic, homozygous, heterozygous, and dominant models; however, the results were inaccurate because some original data from the included studies were incorrect when they were extracted (13). In healthy women, for particular, there were 35 G/C genotypes, but in the research stated above, there were only 25.…”

Application of a Pharmacogenetics-Based Precision Medicine Model (5SPM) to Psychotic Patients That Presented Poor Response to Neuroleptic Therapy

“…Polytherapy treatment is considered “justifiable” by some authors given the presence of a profile of adverse effects that hinders adherence to treatment by the patient, or that is detrimental to an underlying pathology of the individual, or when the therapeutic response has not been effective with the antipsychotics available for the specific case of the subject [ 40 ]. Consequently, knowledge of the pharmacogenetic profile of the patients becomes more relevant, so that monotherapy adapted to their metabolism can predominantly be applied, suitable for the treatment of symptomatic exacerbations and maintenance, reducing the presence of adverse effects [ 15 ].…”

“…One of the more widespread hypotheses to explain this interindividual variable response to treatment directs the question to a pharmacokinetic cause. Therefore, it is proposed that the metabolism of the neuroleptics administered to the patient could explain these differences [ 15 , 16 , 17 ].…”

“…In our environment, the most commonly used atypical antipsychotics are metabolized mainly through the cytochrome P 450 (CYP450) system [ 18 ]. The superfamily CYP450 is a set of highly polymorphic genes, which suggests a possible strong genetic variability among individuals and, consequently, a potential strong phenotypic variability, which translates into different enzymatic activity on the drugs administered to the individual [ 15 , 19 , 20 , 21 , 22 ]. In addition, the therapeutic target of these drugs is found in the central nervous system, meaning they must pass through the blood-brain barrier [ 23 ], therefore, the genes involved in the absorption and transport process should be considered [ 24 ].…”