The Association between Intelligence Scores and Family History of Psychiatric Disorder in Schizophrenia Patients, Their Siblings and Healthy Controls

Verweij, Kim; Derks, Eske M.; Risk, Genetic; investigators, Outcome in Psychosis

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0077215

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 45 publications

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“…In addition, some studies also revealed that a family history of psychiatric disorders as a risk of earlier AAO is not constant [47,48]. Therefore, the possible risk factors may involve environmental stressors and genetic factors, such as copy number variants [49]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Association of TCF4 and AKT1 Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

Chow

Tee²,

Yong³

et al. 2016

Neuropsychobiology

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Background: Age at onset (AAO) is a known prognostic indicator for schizophrenia and is hypothesized to correlate with cognition and symptom severity. TCF4 and AKT1 are schizophrenia risk genes involved in cognitive functions. The current study examined the interactive effects of TCF4 and AKT1 variants with gender, family history of psychiatric disorders and ethnicity on the AAO of schizophrenia. Methods: This study consisted of 322 patients with schizophrenia meeting the DSM-IV criteria. Six single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of TCF4 (rs12966547, rs8766, rs2958182, rs9960767, rs10401120 and rs17512836) and seven AKT1 SNPs (rs2498804, rs3803304, rs2494732, rs3730358, rs1130214, rs2498784 and rs3803300) were genotyped using the TaqMan® SNP genotyping-based assays method. The relationship of AAO with each variant was investigated using analyses of covariance. Results: Among the TCF4 variants, rs12966547 (p = 0.024) and rs8766 (p = 0.021) were significantly associated with earlier AAO. We found a lower average AAO in patients with the AA genotype of rs12966547, while the CT genotype of rs8766 was demonstrated to have a protective effect on AAO. For rs8766, there was significant gene × gender interaction (p = 0.012) in influencing AAO. However, these results were not significant after false discovery rate correction. Significant gene × ethnicity interactions were observed to influence AAO (p < 0.05). The Kaplan-Meier curve of the minor AA genotype of rs12966547 displayed a significant trend (p = 0.008) for onset after 19 years of age. Similarly, the minor CC genotype of rs8766 showed a significantly (p = 0.034) lower AAO compared to the TT genotype. Conclusion: Our analyses suggest that individual risk genotypes may influence the risk of schizophrenia in an age-specific manner.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Genetic Association of TCF4 and AKT1 Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

Chow

Tee²,

Yong³

et al. 2016

Neuropsychobiology

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“…In addition to a lower full-scale IQ, young SCZ-RELs also exhibited significantly poorer scholastic achievement compared to typically developing children [38]. Interestingly, in a study that examined the association between a family history of psychosis, depression, mania, and alcohol or substance abuse and IQ in SCZ, siblings of SCZ and HCs reported a decrease in IQ in the sibling group compared to HCs, which was not influenced by family history [39]. Notably, lower IQ in SCZ-RELs seems to be associated with microstructural changes in sleep architecture, primarily sleep spindle deficits, that are, therefore, considered IPs contributing to cognitive dysfunction in SCZ [40,41].…”

Section: Intelligencementioning

confidence: 97%

The Risk for Schizophrenia–Bipolar Spectrum: Does the Apple Fall Close to the Tree? A Narrative Review

Cattarinussi

Gugliotta

Sambataro

2023

IJERPH

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Schizophrenia (SCZ) and bipolar disorder (BD) are severe psychiatric disorders that share clinical features and several risk genes. Important information about their genetic underpinnings arises from intermediate phenotypes (IPs), quantifiable biological traits that are more prevalent in unaffected relatives (RELs) of patients compared to the general population and co-segregate with the disorders. Within IPs, neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging measures have the potential to provide useful insight into the pathophysiology of SCZ and BD. In this context, the present narrative review provides a comprehensive overview of the available evidence on deficits in neuropsychological functions and neuroimaging alterations in unaffected relatives of SCZ (SCZ-RELs) and BD (BD-RELs). Overall, deficits in cognitive functions including intelligence, memory, attention, executive functions, and social cognition could be considered IPs for SCZ. Although the picture for cognitive alterations in BD-RELs is less defined, BD-RELs seem to present worse performances compared to controls in executive functioning, including adaptable thinking, planning, self-monitoring, self-control, and working memory. Among neuroimaging markers, SCZ-RELs appear to be characterized by structural and functional alterations in the cortico–striatal–thalamic network, while BD risk seems to be associated with abnormalities in the prefrontal, temporal, thalamic, and limbic regions. In conclusion, SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs present a pattern of cognitive and neuroimaging alterations that lie between patients and healthy individuals. Similar abnormalities in SCZ-RELs and BD-RELs may be the phenotypic expression of the shared genetic mechanisms underlying both disorders, while the specificities in neuropsychological and neuroimaging profiles may be associated with the differential symptom expression in the two disorders.

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“…A recent study found that a family history of mental disorders was associated with slightly lower cognitive ability ( McGrath et al, 2014 ). A number of studies have focused on the association between intelligence and schizophrenia ( Frangou, 2013 , Joyce, 2013 , Kendler et al, 2015a , Kendler et al, 2015b , Khandaker et al, 2011a , van Scheltinga et al, 2013 , Verweij et al, 2013 ). Intelligence has been found to be impaired in patients with schizophrenia compared to the general population ( Kremen et al, 2001 ) and impaired intelligence is associated with an increased risk of psychosis ( Khandaker et al, 2011b ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Is the association between offspring intelligence and parents' educational attainment influenced by schizophrenia or mood disorder in parents?

Greve

Mors

Mortensen

et al. 2017

Schizophrenia Research: Cognition

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Results from twin, family, and adoption studies all suggest that general intelligence is highly heritable. Several studies have shown lower premorbid intelligence in individuals before the onset of both mood disorders and psychosis, as well as in children and adolescents at genetic high risk for developing schizophrenia. Based on these findings, we aim to investigate if the association between educational achievement in parents and intelligence in their offspring is influenced by schizophrenia or mood disorder in parents. In a large population-based sample of young adult male conscripts (n = 156,531) the presence of a mental disorder in the parents were associated with significantly lower offspring scores on a test of general intelligence, the Børge Priens Prøve (BPP), and higher educational attainment in parents was significantly associated with higher BPP test scores in offspring. A significant interaction suggested that the positive association between maternal education and offspring intelligence was stronger in offspring of mothers with schizophrenia compared to the control group (p = 0.03). The associations between parental education and offspring intelligence are also observed when restricting the sample to conscripts whose parents are diagnosed after 30 years of age. In conclusion, findings from this study show a more positive effect of education on offspring intelligence in mothers with schizophrenia compared to mothers from the control group. This effect could have both environmental and genetic explanations.

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The Association between Intelligence Scores and Family History of Psychiatric Disorder in Schizophrenia Patients, Their Siblings and Healthy Controls

Cited by 5 publications

References 45 publications

Genetic Association of <b><i>TCF4</i></b> and <b><i>AKT1</i></b> Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

Genetic Association of <b><i>TCF4</i></b> and <b><i>AKT1</i></b> Gene Variants with the Age at Onset of Schizophrenia

The Risk for Schizophrenia–Bipolar Spectrum: Does the Apple Fall Close to the Tree? A Narrative Review

Is the association between offspring intelligence and parents' educational attainment influenced by schizophrenia or mood disorder in parents?

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