The Association Between Hip Muscle Cross-Sectional Area, Muscle Strength, and Bone Mineral Density

Abstract

Studies examining the association between muscle size, muscle strength, and bone mineral density (BMD) are limited. Thus, this study aimed to describe the association between hip muscles cross-sectional area (CSA), muscle strength, and BMD of the hip and spine. A total of 321 subjects from the Tasmanian Older Adult Cohort study with a right hip MRI scan conducted between 2004 and 2006 were included. Hip muscles were measured on MR images by OsiriX (Geneva) software measuring maximum muscle CSA (cm(2)) of gluteus maximus, obturator externus, gemelli, quadratus femoris, piriformis, pectineus, sartorius, and iliopsoas. Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry measured total hip, femoral neck, and spine BMD, and lower limb muscle strength was assessed by dynamometer. Muscle CSA of the hip flexors (pectineus, sartorius, and iliopsoas) and the hip rotators, obturator externus, and quadratus femoris were associated with both total hip and femoral neck BMD (all p < 0.05). The associations between CSA of pectineus and sartorius and BMD were stronger in women (p = 0.01-0.001) compared to men (p = 0.12-0.54). Additionally, only gemelli CSA was associated with BMD of the spine (p = 0.002). Gluteus maximus and piriformis showed no relationship with BMD. CSA of most hip muscles (except gluteus maximus and gemelli) were positively associated with leg strength (p = 0.02 to <0.001). Lastly, leg strength was weakly associated with BMD (p = 0.11-0.007). Hip muscle CSA, and to a lesser extent muscle strength, were positively associated with hip BMD. These data suggest that both higher muscle mass and strength may contribute to the maintenance of bone mass and prevention of disease progression in older adults.

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“…Hyakutake et al (1994) found that higher BMD might be a function of greater muscle strength. Moreover, Ahedi et al (2014) and Sinaki et al (1996) have shown that greater muscle strength is related to the greater bone mass. Wullf et al (2012) reported that trunk flexion peak torque was a predictor of total body and femur BMD in triathletes and supported the muscle force was an important osteogenic factor.…”

“…Regarding association between muscular strength and bone health, Ahedi et al (2014) investigated the relationship between muscle strength and bone mineral density (BMD) of the hip and spine in 321 Tasmanian older adults and reported that hip BMD was positively related to the muscular strength, and the authors concluded that higher muscular strength may maintain bone health and prevent bone fragility and fractures. Similarly, Lee et al (2014) also reported that muscular strength is associated with BMD of hip in healthy elderly women.…”

Correlation between bone mineral density, isokinetic peak torque and postural balance in postmenopausal women

“…However, the literature is inconsistent and inconclusive as to the relation between these variables in postmenopausal women. A few studies have found linear and consistent relations between muscular strength and BMD (7,8) , while the majority have found inconsistent results (9)(10)(11)(12)(13) . Similarly, when the variable refers to postural balance, a few studies have shown an inverse relationship between greater postural oscillation and BMD (14,15) , while the majority of studies have not identified any relationship (9,11,12,16) .…”

Relación entre la masa muscular, la densidad mineral ósea, la fuerza muscular, la aptitud funcional y la calidad muscular en personas mayores = Relationship between muscle mass, bone mineral density, muscle strength, functional fitness and muscle quality in older people

“…En 293 mujeres saludables postmenopáusicas (media de edad 54.22 DE 3.85 años), se encontró que la fuerza de flexión y extensión de cadera evaluada con un dinamómetro isocinético a una velocidad de 120°/s y la fuerza de extensión de espalda evaluada a 30°/s, ex plicaron el 26.0% de la variación en la DMO total, el 19.0% en la DMOCL y el 15.0% de la DMOCF (modelos ajustado por edad y cantidad años desde el inicio de la menopausia) (Zhou, Zheng, Wei, Ye, & Li, 2013). Por su parte, en un estudio con 321 australianos de ambos sexos (50-80 años), que evaluó la fuerza isométrica del cuádriceps y de extensores de cadera simultáneamente en ambas piernas por dinamometría, encontró una asociación significativa entre la fuerza evaluada y la DMO de cadera (β = 0.12, IC 95% 0.04, 0.20), una asociación débil con la DMOCL (β = 0.10, IC 95% 0.00, 0.21) y ninguna asociación con la DMOCF (β = 0.07, IC 95% -0.00, 0.15) (Ahedi, et al, 2014). En un estudio de seguimiento con 1255 japoneses de ambos sexos (40-81 años), se encontró en la línea de base que la fuerza isométrica de extensión de rodilla (evaluada en pierna derecha), se asoció de manera significativa con la DMOCL y la DMOCF solamente en los hombres; después de 6 años de seguimiento, solo el riesgo de osteoporosis en CL (OPCL) se relacionó de forma significativa con la fuerza evaluada, el cual se presentó únicamente en los hombres (OR 2.97, IC 95%…”

“…Kim, Won, Kim, Choi, & Moon, 2014). Other studies have also evaluated the relationship between BMD with muscle strength and functional fitness; the more favorable results have been found with muscle strength (Dixon et al, 2005;Marín, Pedrosa, Moreira-Pfrimer, Matsudo, & Lazaretti-Castro, 2010;Rikkonen et al, 2012;Gouveia et al, 2013;Ahedi et al, 2014). However, there are few studies that simultaneously describe the relationship between osteoporosis and sarcopenia diagnostic criteria defined by the EWGSOP (Sjoblom et al, 2013;.…”