The Association Between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation Among a School-based Sample of Adolescents

Garofalo, Robert; Wolf, Ross; Kessel, Shari M.; Palfrey, Judith S.; DuRant, Robert H.

doi:10.1542/peds.101.5.895

Cited by 679 publications

(507 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…Findings suggest that GLB youth have greater rates of depression, more suicide attempts (Fergusson et al, 1999), more risk taking behavior (Garofalo et al, 1998) (Cochran et al, 2002;Noell and Ochs, 2001;Whitbeck et al, 2004). Gender differences have also been noted by some researchers.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…One was that of a small sample size; a larger sample size could have generated more comparable group sizes and greater power to detect differences. However, a small sample size is a frequently reported limitation in studies conducted on this population (Cochran et al, 2002;Garofalo et al, 1998). Another limitation of this study is the fact that the original study was designed to examine treatment modalities for substance abusing homeless adolescents and not for comparison among the sample on sexual orientation.…”

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Gangamma

Slesnick

Toviessi

et al. 2007

J Youth Adolescence

119

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Youth who are homeless and gay, lesbian or bisexual (GLB) are one of the most disenfranchised and marginalized groups in our society. The purpose of this study is to examine and compare HIV in GLB homeless youth with their heterosexual counterparts. Participants for this study included 268 youth involved in treatment outcome studies with substance abusing homeless youth. Results suggest that GLB youth have greater HIV risks and that these risks are greater among bisexual females. In examining the predictors of sexual health risks, survival sex emerged as the most significant. Survival sex was high among females regardless of their sexual orientation and also among gay males. Implications of these findings suggest that a greater emphasis needs to be paid to preventive interventions among this population. KeywordsYouth; Gay; HIV; Homeless One particularly disturbing consequence of being homeless is engaging in behaviors that put oneself at risk for HIV infection. Overall, the homeless population has a disproportionately higher risk of HIV transmission (Ebner and Laviage, 2003) and substance use (Kipke et al., 1997). Substance abuse has been associated as a risk factor for HIV, both in terms of drug and sexual related risk (Rotheram-Borus et al., 2003). In a recent study designed to explore the differences in sexual health risks and protective factors Rew et al. (2005) found that gay and lesbian homeless youth reported being tested and treated for HIV more than the bisexual or heterosexual youth. This was partially supported by a later study (Solorio et al., 2006) that found that gay and bisexual males were more likely to report being tested for sexually transmitted infections (STIs) when compared to heterosexual males and lesbian and bisexual females. While this could imply that gay and lesbian homeless youth are at a greater risk for STIs, there is currently little empirical evidence to show whether differences in HIV risks among heterosexual and gay, lesbian, and bisexual (GLB) youth exist. Such evidence would be helpful in better understanding the needs of these youth and also to better inform intervention strategies. Thus, the purpose of this study was to bridge this gap by comparing the HIV risks among heterosexual and GLB youth in a population of homeless youth.Historically, studies comparing GLB and heterosexual non-homeless youth have been primarily conducted with school-based and community-based samples (Bontempo and D'Augelli, 2002;Faulkner and Cranston, 1998;Lock and Steiner, 1999). Findings suggest that GLB youth have greater rates of depression, more suicide attempts (Fergusson et al., 1999), more risk taking behavior (Garofalo et al., 1998) (Cochran et al., 2002;Noell and Ochs, 2001;Whitbeck et al., 2004). Gender differences have also been noted by some researchers. For instance, Whitbeck and colleagues (2004) in a longitudinal study of homeless and runaway adolescents found that gay males were more likely to have symptoms of internalization when compared to heterosexual males. Lesbian adole...

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Limitationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Gangamma

Slesnick

Toviessi

et al. 2007

J Youth Adolescence

119

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Literature also clearly documents disparities in smoking among lesbian, gay, and bisexual populations (i.e., sexual minorities) in the United States, suggesting 50%-70% higher prevalence than the general population (Austin et al, 2004;Garofalo, Wolf, Kessel, Palfrey, & DuRant, 1998;Gruskin, Greenwood, Matevia, Pollack, & Bye, 2007;Lee, Griffin, & Melvin, 2009;McCabe, Boyd, Hughes, & d'Arcy, 2003;Skinner, 1994;Stall, Greenwood, Acree, Paul, & Coates, 1999;Tang et al, 2004). Moreover, the American Lung Association (2010) published a special report of tobacco disparities among sexual minorities, harkening a call for more research.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Associations of Discrimination and Violence With Smoking Among Emerging Adults: Differences by Gender and Sexual Orientation

Blosnich

Horn

2011

Nicotine & Tobacco Research

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“…Research in five sizable community samples has demonstrated increased risk (Faulkner and Cranston, 1998;Fergusson et al, 1999;Garofalo et al, 1998;Lock and Steiner, 1999;Remafedi et al, 1998). The increased risk for suicidal ideation and attempt behavior ranges from 2-fold (Faulkner and Cranston, 1998) to 7-fold (Remafedi et al, 1998).…”

Section: Risk Factorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Suicidal ideation and behaviour

Korczak¹

2015

Paediatrics &Amp; Child Health

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Suicidal behavior is a matter of great concern for clinicians who deal with the mental health problems of children and adolescents. The incidence of suicide attempts reaches a peak during the mid-adolescent years, and mortality from suicide, which increases steadily through the teen years, is the third leading cause of death at that age. Clinicians need to know how to identify those at greatest risk for suicide from among the large number of suicide attempters who have a benign prognosis; how to provide treatment for the suicidal patient; how to advise and counsel the child, adolescent, and parental survivors of individual suicides; and how to provide expert consultation to educational and public health authorities on appropriate and inappropriate directions for suicide prevention programs. The parameter was written to aid clinicians in the assessment and treatment of children and adolescents exhibiting suicidal behavior or harboring suicidal ideation. EXECUTIVE SUMMARYThis summary provides an overview of the assessment and treatment recommendations contained in the Practice Parameter for the Assessment and Treatment of Children and Adolescents With Suicidal Behavior. This summary includes many of the most important points and recommendations that are in these practice guidelines. However, the treatment and assessment of suicidal patients requires the consideration of many important factors that cannot be conveyed fully in a summary, and the reader is encouraged to review the entire document. Each recommendation in the executive summary is identified as falling into one of the following categories of endorsement, indicated by an abbreviation in brackets following the statement. These categories indicate the degree of importance or certainty of each recommendation."Minimal Standards" [MS] are recommendations that are based on substantial empirical evidence (such as well controlled, double-blind trials) or overwhelming clinical consensus. Minimal standards are expected to apply more than 95% of the time, i.e., in almost all cases. When the practitioner does not follow this standard in a particular case, the medical record should indicate the reason."Clinical Guidelines" [CG] are recommendations that are based on empirical evidence (such as open trials, case studies) and/or strong clinical consensus. Clinical guidelines apply approximately 75% of the time. These practices should always be considered by the clinician, but there are exceptions to their application."Options" [OP] are practices that are acceptable but not required. There may be insufficient empirical evidence to support recommending these practices as minimal standards or clinical guidelines. In some cases they may be the perfect thing

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The Association Between Health Risk Behaviors and Sexual Orientation Among a School-based Sample of Adolescents

Cited by 679 publications

References 16 publications

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Comparison of HIV Risks among Gay, Lesbian, Bisexual and Heterosexual Homeless Youth

Associations of Discrimination and Violence With Smoking Among Emerging Adults: Differences by Gender and Sexual Orientation

Suicidal ideation and behaviour

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