The association between glycated albumin, glycohemoglobin, and glycated albumin to glycohemoglobin ratio in diabetic retinopathy of prediabetes

Abstract

Prediabetes increased risk of diabetes and diabetes-related macrovascular and microvascular complication. Glycohemoglobin (HbA 1c ) is clinically used as the gold standard for glycemic control of diabetes. Glycated albumin (GA) is an early Amadori-type glycation protein between glucose and serum albumin, which changes in a shorter period of time than HbA 1c and is superior to HbA 1c in reflecting fluctuations in blood glucose. In this study, we aim to assess the predictive value of GA and glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) on a progression of diabetic retinopathy (DR) in prediabetic patients in Taiwan. This study was conducted at the outpatient department of a regional hospital in Southern Taiwan, and recruited 291 patients with prediabetes from January 2016 to February 2017. Blood and urine samples were obtained from all patients after fasting for 12 hours within 1 month of enrollment. The mean age is 62.5 ± 13.0 years and there are 161 males and 130 females. A total of 24.1% of patients have DR. The average value of GA and HbA1c are 14.6% ± 2.8% and 6.0% ± 0.4%, respectively. Old age, male, high systolic blood pressure, high HbA 1C , and low total cholesterol are significantly associated with DR in patients with pre-DM. Therefore, in the prediabetic populations, high HbA 1C, but not GA nor GA/HbA 1C ratio, is significantly associated with DR. K E Y W O R D Sglycated albumin, HbA1c, prediabetes, retinopathy

Fasting plasma glucose and HbA1c levels predict the risk of type 2 diabetes and diabetic retinopathy in a Thai high-risk population with prediabetes

“…Data analysis revealed that approximately 8% of participants with IGT had DR. ( Diabetes Prevention Program Research, 2007 ) The association between IGT and DR also correlated with other studies demonstrating that DR incidence rose linearly with an increase in blood glucose (especially HbA1c levels). ( Cheng et al, 2009 ; Lee et al, 2019 ) Overall, the various findings support the proposition that microvascular complications, particularly DR, involve gradual and continuous processes triggered by chronic exposure to glucose. Moreover, microvascular complications may occur before diabetes is clinically diagnosable.…”

Association of Novel Advanced Glycation End-Product (AGE10) with Complications of Diabetes as Measured by Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay

“…Currently, fructosyllysine, glycated albumin (GA) and glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) are used in clinical practice. However, they are not proper AGE but less stable Amadori products [ 31 , 32 , 33 ]. Therefore, longer-lived and stable AGE markers are sought after.…”

Chronic Microvascular Complications in Prediabetic States—An Overview

“…In a 2019 study among patients with prediabetes (IFG + HbA1c 5.7–6.4%), DR was diagnosed in 24.1% of the group. The percentage of people with DR increased linearly together with the increasing percentage of HbA1c, respectively: HbA1c < 5.7%: DR 11.4%, HbA1c 5.7–6.0%: DR 23%, HbA1c 6.0–6.4%: DR 28.1% [ 43 ].…”