The Association between Frequency of Eating Out with Overweight and Obesity Among Children Aged 6-17 in China: A National Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: In parallel with the increased prevalence of childhood overweight and obesity, the rate of eating out in China has increased dramatically in recent years. The purpose of the study was to explore the association between frequency of eating out with overweight and obesity among Chinese children.Methods: The representative sample of Chinese children aged 6-17 years (7685 boys; 7576 girls) was recruited from Chinese National Nutrition and Health Survey (CNNHS) in 2010-2012. Frequency of eating out was collected by interview-administered questionnaire and categorized as: less than once per week, once and twice per week, and three times or more per week. Height and weight were measured (body mass index was consequently calculated). Results：The prevalence of eating out among Chinese children aged 6-17 years old was 23.2%. Children who ate out 0, 1-2, ≥3 times per week were accounted for 76.8%, 10.9% and 12.3% respectively. Findings revealed that eating out three times per week or more was statistically significant associated with higher prevalence of overweight and obesity among boys (OR=1.20,95CI:1.04-1.38) compared with those ate out less than three times per week. However, no significantly association was observed among girls (OR=0.91, 95CI:0.78-1.01). In additional, Younger children, rural children, children from high income family, those with leisure exercises, leisure SB(>2h/d) were relatively more likely to eat out.Conclusions: The results illustrated that eating out three times or more had a significantly positive effect on overweight and obesity among boys in China.

Magnitude and temporal trend of acne vulgaris burden in 204 countries and territories from 1990 to 2019: an analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019*

“…18 Moreover, the popularity of the Western diet may be another driving factor as it is rich in sugary desserts, refined grains, high-fat, highprotein dairy products and high-sugar beverages, 9,19 which are common in some developed countries and are appearing more frequently in developing countries. [20][21][22][23] Several dietary intervention trials demonstrate that a low glycaemic load diet, and omega-3 fatty acid and c-linoleic acid supplementation can improve various symptoms in patients with acne vulgaris, including the reduction in average counts of inflammatory lesions and sebum activity. [24][25][26][27] We found that the increase of burden rate was more pronounced in countries with lower baseline burdens, particularly in countries where the ASPR of acne vulgaris in 1990 was lower than 30 per 1000 people.…”

“…A systematic review calculated a pooled odds ratio of 2·36 (95% CI 1·97–2·83) for patients who were overweight/obese with reference to normal/underweight, 17 which partly explained the increasing burden, as the global age‐standardized prevalence of obesity increased from 0·7% in 1975 to 5·6% in 2016 in girls, and from 0·9% in 1975 to 7·8% in 2016 in boys 18 . Moreover, the popularity of the Western diet may be another driving factor as it is rich in sugary desserts, refined grains, high‐fat, high‐protein dairy products and high‐sugar beverages, 9,19 which are common in some developed countries and are appearing more frequently in developing countries 20–23 . Several dietary intervention trials demonstrate that a low glycaemic load diet, and omega‐3 fatty acid and γ‐linoleic acid supplementation can improve various symptoms in patients with acne vulgaris, including the reduction in average counts of inflammatory lesions and sebum activity 24–27 .…”