The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Gardner, Margo; Thomas, Hannah J.; Erskine, Holly E.

doi:10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104082

Cited by 277 publications

(201 citation statements)

References 120 publications

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“…[ 6 ] In a recently published meta-analysis, Gardner et al . [ 7 ] studied the influence of childhood physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect, and exposure to intimate partner violence (IPV) on depression and anxiety disorder. The study showed that all methods of child maltreatment were linked to depressive disorders.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child abuse and neglect in a rapidly developing country: Parents' perspectives

Hendaus

Al-Khuzaei

Samarah

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

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Purpose: To identify parental awareness and knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect in the State of Qatar. Methods: A cross-sectional study using a questionnaire was conducted at Hamad Medical Corporation, the only tertiary pediatric hospital in the State of Qatar at the time of the study. Parents of children of all ages were offered a questionnaire that included demographic details, parental knowledge, and awareness of child abuse and neglect. Results: 300 questionnaires were completed (response rate = 95%). More than 70% of parents were older than 30 years of age, 60% of them were females, and 66% were college graduates. The majority of the participants stated their familiarity about child abuse, and 6% witnessed morbidity or mortality due to child abuse in the society. Despite the identified laws, only 50% of the parents were aware of laws restricting child abuse. In regards to children with special needs, only 16% of the participants agreed that disabled children are at a higher risk of abuse compared to healthy children, while 33% were neutral and 52% disagreed. In addition, one-fifth of the respondents stated that hitting is discipline, while 63% disagreed. Almost one-third of the respondents agreed that hitting hands and buttock or hitting with soft objects is acceptable form of discipline. Unexpectedly, one-quarter of participants stated that it is okay to hit a child as long as no damage incurs. As for verbal abuse, around one-third of parents stated that yelling is not a form of child abuse, and that yelling does not affect growth and development. Comparing both corporal and verbal abuse, approximately 70% of parents stated that yelling is less harmful than hitting. In terms of child neglect, around half of the respondents agreed with the statement “Leaving a child (<5 years) unattended at home is a form of neglect,” while 42% were neutral. Finally, approximately 50% of the participants believed that it is okay to depend on nannies in assisting their children in eating and using the bathroom. Conclusion: Parents residing in the State of Qatar believe that they have a good knowledge regarding child abuse and neglect. However, this study shows many deficiencies in parental knowledge of child abuse and neglect. Parents’ attitudes and perceptions are considered indispensable targets for community health intervention.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Child abuse and neglect in a rapidly developing country: Parents' perspectives

Hendaus

Al-Khuzaei

Samarah

et al. 2020

J Family Med Prim Care

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Attributable disease burden, although an underestimate, was still substantial, but there is a clear need for a more rigorous study. 3 Consequently, Australia's public health response to child maltreatment has been impeded by these gaps in scientific evidence, with efforts to prevent, identify and respond to child maltreatment unable to be informed by reliable and multidimensional evidence.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 1 2 Systematic reviews and meta-analyses have found child maltreatment is associated with substantial adverse effects throughout life on mental health and physical health. 3–6 A significant proportion of children experience multiple forms of maltreatment, which is especially harmful. 4 7 8 Child maltreatment is associated with structural and functional changes to brain architecture affecting neurocognitive function, 6 9–11 compromised educational attainment, 12 13 maladaptive coping mechanisms such as smoking, alcohol and substance abuse, 4 14 15 and interpersonal violence, self-harm and suicidality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS): protocol for a national survey of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect, associated mental disorders and physical health problems, and burden of disease

et al. 2021

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IntroductionChild maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence) is widely understood to be associated with multiple mental health disorders, physical health problems and health risk behaviours throughout life. However, Australia lacks fundamental evidence about the prevalence and characteristics of child maltreatment, its associations with mental disorders and physical health, and the associated burden of disease. These evidence gaps impede the development of public health strategies to better prevent and respond to child maltreatment. The aims of this research are to generate the first comprehensive population-based national data on the prevalence of child maltreatment in Australia, identify associations with mental disorders and physical health conditions and other adverse consequences, estimate attributable burden of disease and indicate targeted areas for future optimal public health prevention strategies.Methods and analysisThe Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS) is a nationwide, cross-sectional study of Australia’s population aged 16 years and over. A survey of approximately 10 000 Australians will capture retrospective self-reported data on the experience in childhood of all five types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, emotional abuse, neglect and exposure to domestic violence). A customised, multimodule survey instrument has been designed to obtain information including: the prevalence and characteristics of these experiences; diagnostic screening of common mental health disorders; physical health; health risk behaviours and health service utilisation. The survey will be administered in March–November 2021 to a random sample of the nationwide population, recruited through mobile phone numbers. Participants will be surveyed using computer-assisted telephone interviews, conducted by trained interviewers from the Social Research Centre, an agency with extensive experience in studies of health and adversity. Rigorous protocols protect the safety of both participants and interviewers, and comply with all ethical and legal requirements. Analysis will include descriptive statistics reporting the prevalence of individual and multitype child maltreatment, multiple logistic and linear regression analyses to determine associations with mental disorders and physical health problems. We will calculate the population attributable fractions of these putative outcomes to enable an estimation of the disease burden attributable to child maltreatment.Ethics and disseminationThe study has been approved by the Queensland University of Technology Human Research Ethics Committee (#1900000477, 16 August 2019). Results will be published to the scientific community in peer-reviewed journals, scientific meetings and through targeted networks. Findings and recommendations will be shared with government policymakers and community and organisational stakeholders through diverse engagement activities, a dedicated Advisory Board and a systematic knowledge translation strategy. Results will be communicated to the public through an organised media strategy and the ACMS website.

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“…Early-life experiences can have long-term effects on health across the lifespan [1]. Sexual abuse and physical abuse are strongly associated with depression [2][3][4][5]. These types of abuse are highly prevalent [6,7] and are associated with depression onset, suboptimal treatment response and poor prognosis [8][9][10][11][12].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank

2021

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Background The association between sexual and physical abuse and subsequent depression is well-established, but the associations with specific depressive symptoms and sex differences remain relatively understudied. We investigated the associations of sexual and physical abuse with depressive symptoms in men and women in a large population cohort. Methods Observational study based on 151,396 UK Biobank participants. Exposures included self-reported experiences of childhood physical abuse and sexual abuse. Mid-life outcomes included current depressive symptoms score, individual depressive symptoms, and lifetime depression. We used logistic regression to test associations of childhood sexual/physical abuse with depressive outcomes. Results Recalled childhood sexual and physical abuse were both associated with current depressive symptoms score in adults. Results for individual symptoms-based analyses suggest that sexual and physical abuse are associated with all depressive symptoms, particularly suicidal behaviours. The associations between lifetime depression and sexual/physical abuse were not fully explained by current depressive symptoms score, indicating that these findings may not be fully attributable to recall bias. There was no indication of differential risk for specific depressive symptoms among men and women. Conclusions Sexual and physical abuse are robust risk factors for depression/depressive symptoms regardless of sex. Higher risk of suicidal behaviours associated with childhood sexual/physical abuse are of particular concern. Longitudinal research into sex-specific associations for individual depressive symptoms is required.

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The association between five forms of child maltreatment and depressive and anxiety disorders: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Cited by 277 publications

References 120 publications

Child abuse and neglect in a rapidly developing country: Parents' perspectives

Child abuse and neglect in a rapidly developing country: Parents' perspectives

The Australian Child Maltreatment Study (ACMS): protocol for a national survey of the prevalence of child abuse and neglect, associated mental disorders and physical health problems, and burden of disease

Sexual and physical abuse and depressive symptoms in the UK Biobank

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