The association between discrimination and PTSD in African Americans: exploring the role of gender

Holliday, Stephanie Brooks; Dubowitz, Tamara; Haas, Ann C.; Ghosh-Dastidar, Bonnie; DeSantis, Amy Soo Jin; Troxel, Wendy

doi:10.1080/13557858.2018.1444150

Cited by 56 publications

(47 citation statements)

References 58 publications

(77 reference statements)

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“…Despite an increase in overall self‐reported discrimination across racial and ethnic groups, research suggests that discrimination experiences are associated with numerous adverse mental health outcomes for Black adults (Brooks Holliday, Dubowitz, Haas, Ghosh‐Dastidar, DeSantis, & Troxel, 2018; Clark et al, 1999; Mays, Cochran, & Barnes, 2007; Mouzon, Taylor, Woodward, & Chatters, 2017; Outlaw, 1993; Pascoe & Richman, 2009). These unfavorable outcomes include diminished self‐esteem and self‐worth (Utsey, Giesbrecht, Hook, & Stanard, 2008), increased psychological distress, and poorer mental health outcomes (Brown, Williams, Jackson, et al, 2000; Gee, Ryan, Laflamme, & Holt, 2006).…”

Section: Discrimination As a Painful And Provocative Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event

Brooks

Hong

Cheref

et al. 2020

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

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Objective Developing the capability to die by suicide, and overcoming one's natural instinct of self‐preservation, is thought to occur as a result of habituation to the fear and pain surrounding suicide. However, investigations of suicide capability have yet to examine whether perceived discrimination serves as a painful and provocative event that contributes to capability for suicide. The purpose of the current study was to examine the association of perceived discrimination and suicide capability for Black and White adults. Method The study sample included 173 Black adults (67.6% female; Mage = 23.18, SD = 5.74) and 272 White adults (60.7% female; Mage = 22.80, SD = 5.90). Participants completed a questionnaire battery that included measures of perceived discrimination, depression, and suicide ideation. Results Regression analyses revealed for Black adults (but not White adults), perceived discrimination was associated with an increased capability for suicide after accounting for depressive symptomatology, suicide ideation, non‐discriminatory painful and provocative events experienced, age, and gender (β = .226, t = 3.154, p = .002). Conclusions These findings provide preliminary evidence that perceived discrimination may play a role in suicide capability for Black adults and highlight the importance of considering contextual experiences when examining suicidality in underserved groups.

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Section: Discrimination As a Painful And Provocative Eventmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event

Brooks

Hong

Cheref

et al. 2020

Suicide & Life Threat Behav

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…3A shortage of programs that teach about healthy relationships 5Having community resources (e.g., YO! Baltimore, safe streets, living classroom) (8) Community teaches lack of respect for self and other gender (13) Blocks getting news houses (19) What one experiences in the Baltimore County environment (e.g., Towson) 22Having neighborhood stores (26) Positive mentors for youth (27) Some cops are good 673. Lack of judgment Reality T.V.…”

Section: Community Characteristics By Clustersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Young men victimized by past-year community violence in Johannesburg, Delhi, and Baltimore were more likely to perpetrate IPV within this timeframe; however, the effect was much greater among men in Baltimore (OR = 7.00) compared to men in Johannesburg (OR = 2.82) and Delhi (OR = 4.08), seeming to suggest greater community influence in Fig. 1 The influence of community-level risk factors on IPV perpetration and stress [27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38] Baltimore given the variance across sites [31]. Among a sample of young Black men, ages 18-29, attitudes favorable of IPV perpetration were mediated by neighborhood violence and poor conflict resolution among intimate partners [40].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Socio-ecological factors such as adverse childhood experiences, witnessing abuse as a child, cultural norms related to manhood and acceptability of violence, and participating in community violence have been linked to IPV perpetration among men in adulthood [15,[22][23][24][25][26]. Central to violence perpetration is the construct of stress, also associated with community-driven factors such as discrimination [27][28][29], neighborhood disorder [30], and other neighborhood related stressors like fighting for survival [28,31], criminal justice involvement [32,33], neighborhood poverty [34][35][36][37], and individual financial strain [36][37][38] (Fig. 1).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Concept Mapping: Engaging Urban Men to Understand Community Influences on Partner Violence Perpetration

et al. 2018

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Intimate partner violence (IPV) is a significant health concern rooted in community experiences and other social determinants. The purpose of this study is to understand community-based risk and protective factors of IPV perpetration through participatory research that engages men who use IPV. Secondarily, we assess the relative influence, as measured by ranking, of these factors regarding risk of IPV perpetration and stress. We conducted concept mapping with Baltimore men (n = 28), ages 18 and older, enrolled in an abuse intervention program (AIP), through partnership with a domestic violence agency. Concept mapping, a three-phase participatory process, generates ideas around an issue then visually presents impactful domains via multi-dimensional scaling and hierarchical clustering. Most participants were Black (87.5%) and 20-39 years old (75%). Seven key domains, or clusters, were established. "No hope for the future" was the greatest contributor to IPV perpetration. "Socioeconomic struggles" (i.e., lack of employment) and "life in Baltimore" (i.e., homicide) were most likely to result in stress. Emergent domains related to IPV perpetration and stress were ranked similarly, but with some nuance. Having good support systems (i.e., family, community centers) were felt to prevent IPV and reduce stress. This participant-driven process among a primarily young, Black sample of Baltimore men speaks to the influence of perceived social disempowerment and underlying trauma on intimate relationships and the potential for mitigation. Few studies have engaged men who use IPV through participatory research to understand the comprehensive dynamics of an impoverished, urban environment. Results provide direction for community-based intervention and prevention programming to increase self-efficacy, particularly among younger men, and to enact trauma-informed violence prevention policy from the perspectives of male IPV perpetrators.

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“…There is accumulating evidence that chronic psychosocial stressors contribute to the development of posttraumatic stress injuries (Brooks Holliday et al, 2018). However, research examining the various patterned sources of psychosocial stressors and their underlying pathways is in its infancy.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The “Managed” or Damaged Heart? Emotional Labor, Gender, and Posttraumatic Stressors Predict Workplace Event-Related Acute Changes in Cortisol, Oxytocin, and Heart Rate Variability

et al. 2020

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Vital to the everyday operation of police services, police communicators (911 call-takers and dispatchers) are persistently subject to imminent challenges in the workplace; they must always be prepared to engage and deal with a wide variety of circumstances that provoke various intense emotions and physiological stress responses. Acute changes in cortisol, oxytocin, and heart rate variability are central to adaptive responses in stressful complex social interactions, but they might also be indicative of physiological dysregulation due to long-term psychosocial stress exposures. Thus, we examine acute stress-induced release of peripheral oxytocin and cortisol along with changes in heart rate variability, and how each relates to persistent workplace stressors and symptoms of posttraumatic stress. Findings indicate chronic forms of gendered workplace stress such as emotional labor, gender role stress and, posttraumatic stress each have differential associations with, and predict physiological responses to, acutely stressful events in the workplace. These associations suggest potential mechanisms through which communicators become more vulnerable to developing stress-related disorders such as posttraumatic stress injuries, especially after cumulative traumatic exposures in this context. The results also suggest potential pathways for the biological embedding of stressful gendered workplace experiences.

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The association between discrimination and PTSD in African Americans: exploring the role of gender

Cited by 56 publications

References 58 publications

Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event

Capability for suicide: Discrimination as a painful and provocative event

Concept Mapping: Engaging Urban Men to Understand Community Influences on Partner Violence Perpetration

The “Managed” or Damaged Heart? Emotional Labor, Gender, and Posttraumatic Stressors Predict Workplace Event-Related Acute Changes in Cortisol, Oxytocin, and Heart Rate Variability

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