The association between dietary intake, lifestyle and incident symptomatic peripheral arterial disease among individuals with diabetes mellitus: insights from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study

Lilja, Erika; Bergwall, Sara; Sonestedt, Emily; Gottsäter, Anders; Acosta, Stefan

doi:10.1177/2042018819890532

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 24 publications

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“…In the present study a high intake of fish and shellfish was found to be a protective factor for ACVD. This result is in line with a prospective longitudinal study in individuals with diabetes mellitus [19] and the positive effects ascribed to the Mediterranean diet pattern. A healthy diet, rich in fish, might help to achieve and maintain body weight goals, reach individual glycemic, blood pressure, and lipid targets, and prevent diabetic complications [20].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Prospective Cohort Study

2021

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Atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ACVD) is the leading cause of death worldwide. This study aimed to investigate the association between diet and lifestyle factors, beyond traditional risk factors, and the risk of incident ACVD. The Malmö Diet and Cancer study included 30,446 middle-aged individuals. Baseline examinations including a dietary assessment, questionnaire and interviews, were performed between 1991–1996. After excluding individuals with prevalent cardiovascular disease and atrial fibrillation or flutter, 26,990 participants remained. In a previously developed diet quality index, adherence to recommended intake of saturated fat (SFA), polyunsaturated fat (PUFA), fish and shellfish, fiber, vegetables and fruit, and sucrose results in one point per dietary component, with a maximum diet score of six points. Diagnosis of incident ACVD was based on validated diagnoses of coronary artery disease, atherothrombotic ischemic stroke, carotid artery disease or peripheral artery disease. Multivariable Cox regression analysis adjusting for established risk factors was performed to assess hazard ratios (HR) with 95% confidence intervals (CI). After a median follow-up of 21.1 years, 5858 (21.7%) individuals diagnosed with ACVD unrelated to atrial fibrillation or flutter were identified. Higher diet score (HR 0.94/point increase; 95% CI 0.91–0.97; p < 0.001), intake of fish and shellfish (HR 0.95/standard deviation (SD) increment, 95% CI 0.93–0.98), fiber (HR 0.93/SD increment, 95% CI 0.89–0.98) and SFA (HR 0.96/SD increment, 95% CI 0.92–0.99) consumption were associated with decreased risk for incident ACVD. High leisure-time physical activity (HR 0.82, 95% CI 0.74–0.91) was associated with reduced risk and obesity (HR 1.17, 95% CI 1.08–1.27) with increased risk of incident ACVD. The present study strengthens current recommendations of improving diet quality and increasing physical activity in preventing ACVD.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 90%

Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Prospective Cohort Study

2021

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“…A higher MD score was also linked to a significantly lower risk (by 66%) of PAD incidence (OR 0.44; 95% CI 0.24 to 0.83) in patients with type 2 diabetes ( n = 944) [ 85 ]. Similarly, increased intake of fish and shellfish was reported to marginally decrease PAD risk (HR per additional gram/week 0.99; 95% CI 0.99 to 1.00, p = 0.051) in 1112 patients with type 2 diabetes followed for a median of 19.7 years in the Malmö Diet and Cancer study [ 86 ]. Nevertheless, further clinical data is needed in patients with type 2 diabetes to establish the effects of MD on cardiovascular morbidity and mortality.…”

Section: Mediterranean Diet and Diabetic Macrovascular Complicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?

Muscogiuri

Verde²,

Sulu

et al. 2022

Curr Obes Rep

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Purpose of Review Obesity is a chronic disease, a major public health problem due to its association with non-communicable diseases and all-cause mortality. Indeed, people with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of obesity-related disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular disease, and several cancers. Many popular diets with very different macronutrient composition, including the Mediterranean diet (MD), have been used, proposed, and studied for prevention and management of obesity. In particular, MD has been the subject of countless studies over the years and now boasts a large body of scientific literature. In this review, we aimed to update current knowledge by summarizing the most recent evidence on the effect of MD on obesity and obesity-related disorders. Recent Findings The negative effects of obesity are partly reversed by substantial weight loss that can be achieved with MD, especially when low-calorie and in combination with adequate physical activity. In addition, the composition of MD has been correlated with an excellent effect on reducing dyslipidemia. It also positively modulates the gut microbiota and immune system, significantly decreasing inflammatory mediators, a common ground for many obesity-related disorders. Summary People with obesity are at increased risk for a variety of medical disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, type 2 diabetes mellitus, and cardiovascular disease. Therefore, there is an inevitable need for measures to manage obesity and its related disorders. At this point, MD has been proposed as a valuable nutritional intervention. It is characterized by a high consumption of vegetables, fruit, nuts, cereals, whole grains, and extra virgin olive oil, as well as a moderate consumption of fish and poultry, and a limited intake of sweets, red meat, and dairy products. MD proves to be the healthiest dietary pattern available to tackle obesity and prevent several non-communicable diseases, including cardiovascular disease and type 2 diabetes.

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“…In patients with DM, the diagnosis of symptomatic PAD is approximately twice as high as in patients not affected by diabetes [ 16 ]. Recently, Lilja et al showed that men with DM developed symptomatic PAD more frequently compared to women (15.5% vs. 8.9%) [ 17 ], even if not all studies have observed significant differences in the prevalence of PAD between sexes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selected Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Peripheral Artery Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Efficacy and Safety

Froldi

Ragazzi

2022

Molecules

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Vascular diseases, such as peripheral artery disease (PAD), are associated with diabetes mellitus and a higher risk of cardiovascular disease and even death. Surgical revascularization and pharmacological treatments (mainly antiplatelet, lipid-lowering drugs, and antidiabetic agents) have some effectiveness, but the response and efficacy of therapy are overly dependent on the patient’s conditions. Thus, the demand for new cures exists. In this regard, new studies on natural polyphenols that act on key points involved in the pathogenesis of vascular diseases and, thus, on PAD are of great urgency. The purpose of this review is to take into account the mechanisms that lead to endothelium dysfunction, such as the glycoxidation process and the production of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) that result in protein misfolding, and to suggest plant-derived polyphenols that could be useful in PAD. Thus, five polyphenols are considered, baicalein, curcumin, mangiferin, quercetin and resveratrol, reviewing the literature in PubMed. The key molecular mechanisms and preclinical and clinical studies of each selected compound are examined. Furthermore, the safety profiles of the polyphenols are outlined, together with the unwanted effects reported in humans, also by searching the WHO database (VigiBase).

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The association between dietary intake, lifestyle and incident symptomatic peripheral arterial disease among individuals with diabetes mellitus: insights from the Malmö Diet and Cancer study

Cited by 4 publications

References 24 publications

Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Prospective Cohort Study

Diet and Lifestyle Factors and Risk of Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease—A Prospective Cohort Study

Mediterranean Diet and Obesity-related Disorders: What is the Evidence?

Selected Plant-Derived Polyphenols as Potential Therapeutic Agents for Peripheral Artery Disease: Molecular Mechanisms, Efficacy and Safety

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