The association between depression and later educational attainment in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol

Wickersham, Alice; Epstein, Sophie; Sugg, Holly Victoria Rose; Stewart, Robert; Ford, Tamsin; Downs, Johnny

doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2019-031595

Cited by 13 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 26 publications

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“…In a US sample, depressive symptomatology was associated with increased odds of failure to complete high school only for girls, and among high school graduates, depressive symptoms were associated with failure to enter college in both men and women [47]. The discrepancies found in regards to EA for women with depressive symptoms in comparison to men highlight potential differences in the mechanisms which interact between EA, depression and sex and these associations warrant further investigation [48].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Educational attainment inequalities in depressive symptoms in more than 100,000 individuals in Europe

2020

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Background Increasing educational attainment (EA) could decrease the occurrence of depression. We investigated the relationship between EA and depressive symptoms in older individuals across four European regions. Methods We studied 108,315 Europeans (54% women, median age 63 years old) from the Survey on Health, Ageing and Retirement in Europe assessing EA (seven educational levels based on International Standard Classification of Education [ISCED] classification) and depressive symptoms (≥4 points on EURO-D scale). Logistic regression estimated the association between EA and depressive symptoms, adjusting for sociodemographic and health-related factors, testing for sex/age/region and education interactions. Results Higher EA was associated with lower odds of depressive symptoms, independent of sociodemographic and health-related factors. A threshold of the lowest odds of depressive symptoms was detected at the first stage of tertiary education (OR 0.60; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.55–0.65; p < 0.001; relative to no education). Central and Eastern Europe showed the strongest association (OR for high vs. low education 0.37; 95% CI 0.33–0.40; p < 0.001) and Scandinavia the weakest (OR for high vs. low education 0.69; 95% CI 0.60–0.80; p < 0.001). The association was strongest among younger individuals. There was a sex and education interaction only within Central and Eastern Europe. Conclusions Level of EA is reflected in later-life depressive symptoms, suggesting that supporting individuals in achieving EA, and considering those with lower EA at increased risk for depression, could lead to decreased burden of depression across the life course. Further educational support in Central and Eastern Europe may decrease the higher burden of depressive symptoms in women.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 88%

Educational attainment inequalities in depressive symptoms in more than 100,000 individuals in Europe

2020

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“…The protocol for this systematic review and meta-analysis can be viewed on PROSPERO at www.crd.york.ac.uk/ PROSPERO/display_record.asp?ID¼CRD42019123068, and has been published elsewhere. 14 This review follows the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines (see Table S1, available online). 15…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The inclusion and exclusion criteria are discussed in further detail in the published protocol. 14 Embase, PubMed, PsycINFO, the Education Resources Information Center, and the British Education Index were initially searched from inception up to November 13, 2018. The date range was unrestricted, but English language limits were applied because of a lack of resources for translation.…”

Section: Search Strategy and Inclusion Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment

Wickersham

Sugg

Epstein

et al. 2021

Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psych

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The association between depression and educational attainment in young people is unclear. This systematic review and meta-analysis examines the longitudinal association between depression and subsequent attainment, and its potential effect modifiers and mediators. Method: We searched Embase, PsycINFO, PubMed, ERIC, and the British Education Index from inception to October 23, 2019, conducted citation searching, and contacted authors for articles. Eligible studies reported on the longitudinal association between depression in children and adolescents 4 to 18 years of age and later educational attainment. Two reviewers independently conducted screening, data extraction, and risk of bias assessment. Correlation coefficients were pooled in meta-analysis, and effect modifiers were explored using meta-regression and stratification. Other evidence on confounders, modifiers, and mediators was narratively synthesized. The PROSPERO record for the study is CRD42019123068. Results: A total of 31 studies were included, of which 22 were pooled in meta-analysis. There was a small but statistically significant association between depression and lower subsequent attainment (pooled Fisher z ¼ À0.19, 95% CI ¼ À0.22 to À0.16, I 2 ¼ 62.9%). A total of 15 studies also reported an enduring effect after adjusting for various confounders. No statistically significant effect modifiers were identified. Social and school problems may mediate between depression and low attainment. Conclusion: Depression was associated with lower educational attainment, but further research is needed to establish mechanisms. Nonetheless, there is a clear need for mental health and educational support among children and adolescents with depression.

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“…The result is often an output that can be interpreted by humans with relative ease [30,31]. Previous work has developed successful NLP approaches for use within CRIS to identify subgroups of interest-for example, to allow the identification of patient suicide attempts [28,32], or linking education, social care and EHR records for adolescents mental health analyses with is the subject of ongoing work [33]. Considering this study, the creation of a similar NLP tool would ensure a consistent, reliable and effective approach to identifying veterans from free-text clinical notes.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identifying Veterans Using Electronic Health Records in the United Kingdom: A Feasibility Study

et al. 2019

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There is a lack of quantitative evidence concerning UK (United Kingdom) Armed Forces (AF) veterans who access secondary mental health care services—specialist care often delivered in high intensity therapeutic clinics or hospitals—for their mental health difficulties. The current study aimed to investigate the utility and feasibility of identifying veterans accessing secondary mental health care services using National Health Service (NHS) electronic health records (EHRs) in the UK. Veterans were manually identified using the Clinical Record Interactive Search (CRIS) system—a database holding secondary mental health care EHRs for an NHS Trust in the UK. We systematically and manually searched CRIS for veterans, by applying a military-related key word search strategy to the free-text clinical notes completed by clinicians. Relevant data on veterans’ socio-demographic characteristics, mental disorder diagnoses and treatment pathways through care were extracted for analysis. This study showed that it is feasible, although time consuming, to identify veterans through CRIS. Using the military-related key word search strategy identified 1600 potential veteran records. Following manual review, 693 (43.3%) of these records were verified as “probable” veterans and used for analysis. They had a median age of 74 years (interquartile range (IQR): 53–86); the majority were male (90.8%) and lived alone (38.0%). The most common mental diagnoses overall were depressive disorders (22.9%), followed by alcohol use disorders (10.5%). Differences in care pathways were observed between pre and post national service (NS) era veterans. This feasibility study represents a first step in showing that it is possible to identify veterans through free-text clinical notes. It is also the first to compare veterans from pre and post NS era.

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The association between depression and later educational attainment in children and adolescents: a systematic review protocol

Cited by 13 publications

References 26 publications

Educational attainment inequalities in depressive symptoms in more than 100,000 individuals in Europe

Educational attainment inequalities in depressive symptoms in more than 100,000 individuals in Europe

Systematic Review and Meta-analysis: The Association Between Child and Adolescent Depression and Later Educational Attainment

Identifying Veterans Using Electronic Health Records in the United Kingdom: A Feasibility Study

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