The Association between Community Water Fluoridation and Bone Diseases: A Natural Experiment in Cheongju, Korea

Lee, Naae; Kang, Sung-Myung; Lee, Woojoo; Hwang, Seung-Sik

doi:10.3390/ijerph17249170

Cited by 5 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 30 publications

(26 reference statements)

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“…Excess fluoride can induce systemic toxicity adverse effects on bone health [ 208 ]. However, recent findings demonstrate that community water fluoridation in Korea is not associated with any adverse effects on bone health [ 209 ], whereas fluoride exposure from drinking water is not associated with hip fracture risk in a previous meta-analysis [ 210 ]. Fluoride exposure at US-specific levels did not have any effect on bone health in adolescents [ 211 ].…”

Section: Fluoride (F)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

et al. 2023

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The objective of the present study was to review recent epidemiological and clinical data on the association between selected minerals and trace elements and osteoporosis, as well as to discuss the molecular mechanisms underlying these associations. We have performed a search in the PubMed-Medline and Google Scholar databases using the MeSH terms “osteoporosis”, “osteogenesis”, “osteoblast”, “osteoclast”, and “osteocyte” in association with the names of particular trace elements and minerals through 21 March 2023. The data demonstrate that physiological and nutritional levels of trace elements and minerals promote osteogenic differentiation through the up-regulation of BMP-2 and Wnt/β-catenin signaling, as well as other pathways. miRNA and epigenetic effects were also involved in the regulation of the osteogenic effects of trace minerals. The antiresorptive effect of trace elements and minerals was associated with the inhibition of osteoclastogenesis. At the same time, the effect of trace elements and minerals on bone health appeared to be dose-dependent with low doses promoting an osteogenic effect, whereas high doses exerted opposite effects which promoted bone resorption and impaired bone formation. Concomitant with the results of the laboratory studies, several clinical trials and epidemiological studies demonstrated that supplementation with Zn, Mg, F, and Sr may improve bone quality, thus inducing antiosteoporotic effects.

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Section: Fluoride (F)mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

et al. 2023

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“…Analyzing the interaction term can contribute to informative decisions during the course of a livestock disease epidemic and improves our understanding of the spread of an infection [35]. Other applications include modeling the variation of the associations between mental illness and substance use mortality and unemployment [36] and investigating the associations between bone diseases and community water fluoridation [37].…”

Section: Type IV Interactionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Approximate Bayesian Inference for the Interaction Types 1, 2, 3 and 4 with Application in Disease Mapping

Fattah¹,

Rue²

2022

Preprint

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We address in this paper a new approach for fitting spatiotemporal models with application in disease mapping using the interaction types I, II, III, and IV proposed by [1]. When we account for the spatiotemporal interactions in disease-mapping models, inference becomes more useful in revealing unknown patterns in the data. However, when the number of locations and/or the number of time points is large, the inference gets computationally challenging due to the high number of required constraints necessary for inference, and this holds for various inference architectures including Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) [2] and Integrated Nested Laplace Approximations (INLA) [3]. We re-formulate INLA approach based on dense matrices to fit the intrinsic spatiotemporal models with the four interaction types and account for the sum-to-zero constraints, and discuss how the new approach can be implemented in a high-performance computing framework. The computing time using the new approach does not depend on the number of constraints and can reach a 40-fold faster speed compared to INLA in realistic scenarios. This approach is verified by a simulation study and a real data application, and it is implemented in the R package INLAPLUS and the Python header function: inla1234().

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“…While the side effects of fluorides on a systemic level are yet to be proven [ 15 , 16 ], an effervescent worldwide debate challenges their use as the major epidemiological approach in combatting dental caries [ 17 , 18 ]. In recent years, many of the member states of the European Union and a few municipalities in Canada and in the US have enforced strictive regulatory measurements or promoted public opinion consultations concerning the intake of fluorides through community water fluoridation [ 19 , 20 , 21 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Red Marine Algae Lithothamnion calcareum Supports Dental Enamel Mineralization

Carrilho

Bretz²

2023

Marine Drugs

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The current management of oral conditions such as dental caries and erosion mostly relies on fluoride-based formulations. Herein, we proposed the use of the remaining skeleton of Lithothamnion calcareum (LC) as an alternative to fluorides. LC is a red macroalgae of the Corallinales order, occurring in the northeast coast of Brazil, whose unique feature is the abundant presence of calcium carbonates in its cell walls. Two experimental approaches tested the general hypothesis that LC could mediate enamel de-remineralization dynamics as efficiently as fluorides. Firstly, the effect of LC on enamel de-mineralization was determined in vitro by microhardness and gravimetric measurements to test the hypothesis that LC could either prevent calcium/phosphate release from intact enamel or facilitate calcium/phosphate reprecipitation on an artificially demineralized enamel surface. Subsequently, an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control study measured the effect of LC on the remineralization of chemical-demineralized enamel using microhardness and quantitative light-induced fluorescence. With this second experiment, we wanted to test whether outcomes obtained in experiment 1 would be confirmed by an in situ/ex vivo co-twin control model. Both experiments showed that LC exhibited equivalent or superior ability to modulate enamel de-remineralization when compared to fluoride solution. LC should be explored as an alternative to manage oral conditions involving the enamel demineralization.

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The Association between Community Water Fluoridation and Bone Diseases: A Natural Experiment in Cheongju, Korea

Cited by 5 publications

References 30 publications

The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

The Role of Trace Elements and Minerals in Osteoporosis: A Review of Epidemiological and Laboratory Findings

Approximate Bayesian Inference for the Interaction Types 1, 2, 3 and 4 with Application in Disease Mapping

Red Marine Algae Lithothamnion calcareum Supports Dental Enamel Mineralization

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