The Association between Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Rivera et al. Respond

Rivera, Marcela; Basagaña, Xavier; Aguilera, Inmaculada; Foraster, María; Agis, David; Groot, Eric de; Pérez, Laura; Mendez, Michelle A.; Bouso, Laura; Targa, Jaume; Ramos, Rafael; Sala, Joan; Marrugat, Jaume; Elosúa, Roberto; Künzli, Nino

doi:10.1289/ehp.1307403r

Cited by 2 publications

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“…In light of these data, therefore, we next hypothesized that perhaps some of these genes (across all 3 exposure models) would be linked to relevant human disease outcomes already known to be exacerbated/modulated by air pollution— e.g. , heart disease [ 60 , 61 ], atherosclerosis [ 62 – 64 ], stroke [ 65 , 66 ], cancers [ 67 – 69 ], etc .—among various other disease contexts. Indeed, biocomputational profiling (Figure 3 ) confirmed that 11 of our 27 hits (~41%) were in fact highly associated with a wealth of PM-linked pathophysiological conditions (and to many other varied diseases), thereby underscoring that these genes may serve as an epigenetic/signaling nexus of exposure-related signals in vivo , a role not fully appreciated among their other biological functions.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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BackgroundExposure to air particulate matter is known to elevate blood biomarkers of inflammation and to increase cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality. Major components of airborne particulate matter typically include black carbon from traffic and sulfates from coal-burning power plants. DNA methylation is thought to be sensitive to these environmental toxins and possibly mediate environmental effects on clinical outcomes via regulation of gene networks. The underlying mechanisms may include epigenetic modulation of major inflammatory pathways, yet the details remain unclear.MethodsWe sought to elucidate how short-term exposure to air pollution components, singly and/or in combination, alter blood DNA methylation in certain inflammation-associated gene networks, MAPK and NF-κB, which may transmit the environmental signal(s) and influence the inflammatory pathway in vivo. To this end, we utilized a custom-integrated workflow—molecular processing, pollution surveillance, biostatical analysis, and bioinformatic visualization—to map novel human (epi)gene pathway-environment interactions.ResultsSpecifically, out of 84 MAPK pathway genes considered, we identified 11 whose DNA methylation status was highly associated with black carbon exposure, after adjusting for potential confounders—age, sulfate exposure, smoking, blood cell composition, and blood pressure. Moreover, after adjusting for these confounders, multi-pollutant analysis of synergistic DNA methylations significantly associated with sulfate and BC exposures yielded 14 MAPK genes. No associations were found with the NF-κB pathway.ConclusionExposure to short-term air pollution components thus resulted in quantifiable epigenetic changes in the promoter areas of MAPK pathway genes. Bioinformatic mapping of single- vs. multi-exposure-associated epigenetic changes suggests that these alterations might affect biological pathways in nuanced ways that are not simply additive or fully predictable via individual-level exposure assessments.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/1476-069X-13-94) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study

et al. 2014

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“…8,9) 1.25 2.9 10 −6 1.7 0.084 0.0 0.0091 7.954 8.026 7.882 Kepler-78 b 10,11) 0.81 -10 −11 1.9 0.0089 0.0 10 −5 0.341 0.341 0.341 Kepler-11 b 5,12,13) 0.95 6 − 10 10 −6 1.9 0.091 0.0 0.0051 10.287 10.340 10.235 Kepler-42 c 4,5) 0.13 -10 −10 1.9 0.0060 0. 0 16) 0.33 > 2 10 −6 5.6 0.0505 0.13 10 −5 7.216 6.62 GJ 433 b 28) 0.48 -10 −6 5.8 0.058 0.08 0.0001 7.364 7.103 HD1461 c 29) 1.08 -10 −5 5.9 0.1117 0.0 0.0052 13.121 13.189 13.053 Kepler-305 c 7) 0.76 -10 −6 6.0 0.0732 0.0 0.0007 8.298 8.304 8.292 GJ 581 d 14) 0.31 7 − 9 10 −2 6.0 0.22 0.25 0.0012 67.692 53.918 Continued on next page 32) 0.87 < 7 10 −7 6.4 0.047 0.16 0.0003 3.990 3.534 Kepler-114 b 7) 0.56 -10 −6 6.5 0.048 0.0 0.0001 5.133 5.133 5.132 Koi-82 b 8) 0.799 -10 −5 6.6 0.116 0.0 0.0025 16.144 16.184 16.104 HD 40307 c 18) 0.77 4.5 10 −5 6.6 0.0799 0.06 0.0009 9.401 9.2 Gl 876 d 33) 0.334 0.1 − 5 10 −8 6.7 0.0208 0.207 10 −6 1.897 1.588 Kepler-18 b 34) 0.972 8 − 12 10 −7 6.9 0.0447 0.0 0.0004 3.501 3.503 3.5 GJ 3634 b 35) 0.45 -10…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

Spin evolution of Earth-sized exoplanets, including atmospheric tides and core–mantle friction

Cunha

Correia

Laskar

2014

International Journal of Astrobiology

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Planets with masses between 0.1 and 10 M ⊕ are believed to host dense atmospheres. These atmospheres can play an important role on the planet's spin evolution, since thermal atmospheric tides, driven by the host star, may counterbalance gravitational tides. In this work, we study the long-term spin evolution of Earth-sized exoplanets. We generalize previous works by including the effect of eccentric orbits and obliquity. We show that under the effect of tides and core-mantle friction, the obliquity of the planets evolves either to 0°or 180°. The rotation of these planets is also expected to evolve into a very restricted number of equilibrium configurations. In general, none of these equilibria is synchronous with the orbital mean motion. The role of thermal atmospheric tides becomes more important for Earth-sized planets in the habitable zones of their systems; so they cannot be neglected when we search for their potential habitability.

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The Association between Air Pollution and Subclinical Atherosclerosis: Rivera et al. Respond

Cited by 2 publications

References 14 publications

Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study

Short-term airborne particulate matter exposure alters the epigenetic landscape of human genes associated with the mitogen-activated protein kinase network: a cross-sectional study

Spin evolution of Earth-sized exoplanets, including atmospheric tides and core–mantle friction

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