The association between abdominal obesity and serum cholesterol level

Veghari, Gholamreza; Sedaghat, Mehdi; Maghsodlo, Siavash; Banihashem, Samieh; Moharloei, Pooneh; Angizeh, Abdolhamid; Tazik, Ebrahim; Moghaddami, Abbas; Joshaghani, Hamidreza

doi:10.4103/2229-516x.157150

Cited by 13 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 22 publications

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“…In modern times, consuming high cholesterol in a HFD is increasingly popular worldwide and is strongly associated with conditions of obesity and other lifestyle diseases ( 22 ). This study demonstrated that dietary leucine prevents obesity induced by a HFD supplemented with additional cholesterol.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic leucine supplementation improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet

Jiao

Han

Zhang

et al. 2016

Food & Nutrition Research

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BackgroundLeucine supplementation has been reported to improve lipid metabolism. However, lipid metabolism in adipose tissues and liver has not been extensively studied for leucine supplementation in mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet (HFCD).DesignC57BL/6J mice were fed a chow diet, HFCD, HFCD supplemented with 1.5% leucine (HFCD+1.5% Leu group) or 3% leucine (HFCD+3% Leu group) for 24 weeks. The body weight, peritoneal adipose weight, total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride in serum and liver, and serum adipokines were analyzed. In addition, expression levels of proteins associated with hepatic lipogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and white adipose tissue (WAT) browning were determined.ResultsMice in the HFCD group developed obesity and deteriorated lipid metabolism. Compared with HFCD, leucine supplementation lowered weight gain and TC levels in circulation and the liver without changing energy intake. The decrease in body fat was supported by histological examination in the WAT and liver. Furthermore, serum levels of proinflammatory adipokines, such as leptin, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha, were significantly decreased by supplemented leucine. At the protein level, leucine potently decreased the hepatic lipogenic enzymes (fatty acid synthase and acetyl-coenzyme A carboxylase) and corresponding upstream proteins. In epididymal WAT, the reduced expression levels of two major lipases by HFCD, namely phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase and adipose triglyceride lipase, were reversed when leucine was supplemented. Uncoupling protein 1, β3 adrenergic receptors, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor g coactivator-1α, and fibroblast growth factor 21 were involved in the thermogenic program and WAT browning. Leucine additionally upregulated their protein expression in both WAT and interscapular brown adipose tissue.ConclusionThis study demonstrated that chronic leucine supplementation reduced the body weight and improved the lipid profile of mice fed with a HFCD. This beneficial effect was ascribed to hepatic lipogenesis, adipocyte lipolysis, and WAT browning.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chronic leucine supplementation improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet

Jiao

Han

Zhang

et al. 2016

Food & Nutrition Research

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“…Obesity is associated with many diseases and anatomical and physiological conditions: greater strain on the joints and a greater risk of hypertension, type II diabetes, night apnea, cholelithiasis, and blood lipid disorders. In addition, in the obese group, a higher serum cholesterol level is observed, although the literature data show a high variability 1 , 2 . Changes in gall bladder motility are commonly observed with obesity 3 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 83%

A computer study of the risk of cholesterol gallstone associated with obesity and normal weight

Kubica

Balbus

2021

Sci Rep

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Obese people differ from the people of normal weight in gall bladder motility and have a higher risk of cholesterol stone formation. In this study, using a mathematical model of cholesterol homeostasis, which also considers the enterohepatic circulation of bile as well as cholesterol, we investigated the risk of cholesterol stone formation in obese and normal-weight groups who had normal blood cholesterol levels. We associated the risk of stone formation with the amount of cholesterol released into bile and the amount of de novo-synthesized cholic acid. For both groups, we determined the conditions of low and high risk. In addition, we analyzed the potential effects of changes in gall bladder motility with increased weight. The results showed that the obese group exhibited increased kinetics of enterohepatic circulation, leading to a significant increase in blood cholesterol levels, which can be reduced by increasing the amount of cholesterol in bile. Based on this finding, we suggest that for obese people, it is beneficial to reduce the amount and change the composition of circulating bile through the inhibition of cholic acid synthesis along with cholesterol synthesis. Furthermore, obese people should maintain a triglyceride-lowering diet and consume small meals containing fat, preferably in combination with agents that can reduce bile output from the gall bladder.

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“…The above discussion partially explains why many patients with obesity have a high risk of developing severe Covid-19 complications (71) as obesity is associated with Hypercholesterolemia (72,73).…”

Section: Pregnancymentioning

confidence: 99%

Using a Systems Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Severe Covid-19 and Its Coronary Heart Disease Complications

Meyer

Mathews

Gous

et al. 2022

Front. Cardiovasc. Med.

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Frontiers requested research on how a systems approach can explore the mechanisms of cardiovascular complications in Covid-19. The focus of this paper will thus be on these detailed mechanisms. It will elucidate the integrated pathogenic pathways based on an extensive review of literature. Many severe Covid-19 cases and deaths occur in patients with chronic cardiovascular comorbidities. To help understand all the mechanisms of this interaction, Covid-19 complications were integrated into a pre-existing systems-based coronary heart disease (CHD) model. Such a complete model could not be found in literature. A fully integrative view could be valuable in identifying new pharmaceutical interventions, help understand how health factors influence Covid-19 severity and give a fully integrated explanation for the Covid-19 death spiral phenomenon seen in some patients. Covid-19 data showed that CHD hallmarks namely, Hypercoagulability, Hypercholesterolemia, Hyperglycemia/Hyperinsulinemia, Inflammation and Hypertension have an important effect on disease severity. The pathogenic pathways that Covid-19 activate in CHD were integrated into the CHD model. This fully integrated model presents a visual explanation of the mechanism of interaction between CHD and Covid-19 complications. This includes a detailed integrated explanation of the death spiral as a result of interactions between Inflammation, endothelial cell injury, Hypercoagulability and hypoxia. Additionally, the model presents the aggravation of this death spiral through the other CHD hallmarks namely, Hyperglycemia/Hyperinsulinemia, Hypercholesterolemia, and/or Hypertension. The resulting model further suggests systematically how the pathogenesis of nine health factors (stress, exercise, smoking, etc.) and seven pharmaceutical interventions (statins, salicylates, thrombin inhibitors, etc.) may either aggravate or suppress Covid-19 severity. A strong association between CHD and Covid-19 for all the investigated health factors and pharmaceutical interventions, except for β-blockers, was found. It is further discussed how the proposed model can be extended in future to do computational analysis to help assess the risk of Covid-19 in cardiovascular disease. With insight gained from this study, recommendations are made for future research in potential new pharmacotherapeutics. These recommendations could also be beneficial for cardiovascular disease, which killed five times more people in the past year than Covid-19.

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The association between abdominal obesity and serum cholesterol level

Cited by 13 publications

References 22 publications

Chronic leucine supplementation improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet

Chronic leucine supplementation improves lipid metabolism in C57BL/6J mice fed with a high-fat/cholesterol diet

A computer study of the risk of cholesterol gallstone associated with obesity and normal weight

Using a Systems Approach to Explore the Mechanisms of Interaction Between Severe Covid-19 and Its Coronary Heart Disease Complications

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