The association among depressive symptoms, smoking status and antidepressant use in cardiac outpatients

Gravely–Witte, Shannon; Stewart, Donna E.; Suskin, Neville; Grace, Sherry L.

doi:10.1007/s10865-009-9218-3

Cited by 28 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 114 publications

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“…44 The other four reported that smoking status was associated with later depression. 80,83,87,88 Other studies of clinical populations generally reported evidence of an association between smoking and the onset of depression.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Fluharty

Taylor

Grabski

et al. 2016

NICTOB

790

515

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Background:Many studies report a positive association between smoking and mental illness. However, the literature remains mixed regarding the direction of this association. We therefore conducted a systematic review evaluating the association of smoking and depression and/or anxiety in longitudinal studies.Methods:Studies were identified by searching PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science and were included if they: (1) used human participants, (2) were longitudinal, (3) reported primary data, (4) had smoking as an exposure and depression and/or anxiety as an outcome, or (5) had depression and/or anxiety as the exposure and smoking as an outcome.Results:Outcomes from 148 studies were categorized into: smoking onset, smoking status, smoking heaviness, tobacco dependence, and smoking trajectory. The results for each category varied substantially, with evidence for positive associations in both directions (smoking to later mental health and mental health to later smoking) as well as null findings. Overall, nearly half the studies reported that baseline depression/anxiety was associated with some type of later smoking behavior, while over a third found evidence that a smoking exposure was associated with later depression/anxiety. However, there were few studies directly supporting a bidirectional model of smoking and anxiety, and very few studies reporting null results.Conclusions:The literature on the prospective association between smoking and depression and anxiety is inconsistent in terms of the direction of association most strongly supported. This suggests the need for future studies that employ different methodologies, such as Mendelian randomization (MR), which will allow us to draw stronger causal inferences.Implications:We systematically reviewed longitudinal studies on the association of different aspects of smoking behavior with depression and anxiety. The results varied considerably, with evidence for smoking both associated with subsequent depression and anxiety, and vice versa. Few studies supported a bidirectional relationship, or reported null results, and no clear patterns by gender, ethnicity, clinical status, length to follow-up, or diagnostic test. Suggesting that despite advantages of longitudinal studies, they cannot alone provide strong evidence of causality. Therefore, future studies investigating this association should employ different methods allowing for stronger causal inferences to be made, such as MR.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Fluharty

Taylor

Grabski

et al. 2016

NICTOB

790

515

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“…Among patients with heart disease, Gravely-Witte, Stewart, Suskin, and Grace (2009) found a significant relationship between greater depressive symptoms and persistent smoking after diagnosis. Studies have documented that, even though individuals may initially quit smoking following the immediate health crisis, patients with greater depressive symptoms are more likely to relapse to smoking several months after hospital discharge (Dawood, et.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 90%

Predictors of Smoking Patterns After First Stroke

McCarthy

Huguet

Newsom

et al. 2013

Social Work in Health Care

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Persistent smoking following stroke is associated with poor outcomes including development of secondary stroke and increased mortality risk. This study uses longitudinal data from the U.S. Health and Retirement Study (1992–2008) to investigate whether depression and duration of inpatient hospital care impact smoking outcomes among stroke survivors (N = 745). Longer duration of care was associated with lower likelihood of persistent smoking. Depression was associated with greater cigarette consumption. Interaction effects were also significant, indicating that for survivors who experienced longer inpatient care there was a weaker association between depression and cigarette consumption. Implications for practice and research are discussed.

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“…2,9 For patients who are depressed, risk behaviours are even more common. Depressed cardiac patients are more likely to smoke 10,11 and to relapse after quitting smoking, 12 are less physically active 11,13,14 and consume more dietary fat 13 than their non-depressed counterparts. These risk behaviours might in part explain the higher morbidity and mortality rates among depressed cardiac patients.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Are poor health behaviours in anxious and depressed cardiac patients explained by sociodemographic factors?

Murphy

Grande

Navaratnam

et al. 2012

Eur J Prev Cardiolog

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While the high smoking rates evidenced in anxious and depressed patients were explained by sociodemographic factors, their poor diet and low physical activity (depressed patients only) were independent of these factors. Given the impact of lifestyle modification on survival after a cardiac event, anxious and depressed patients should be a priority for cardiac rehabilitation and other secondary prevention programmes.

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The association among depressive symptoms, smoking status and antidepressant use in cardiac outpatients

Cited by 28 publications

References 114 publications

The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

The Association of Cigarette Smoking With Depression and Anxiety: A Systematic Review

Predictors of Smoking Patterns After First Stroke

Are poor health behaviours in anxious and depressed cardiac patients explained by sociodemographic factors?

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