The assessment of two-way relationship between periodontal diseases and diabetes mellitus.

Abstract

Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus have been said to have a two-way relationship, with diabetes leading to oral disease and periodontitis exacerbating hyperglycemia. The universal biologic mechanisms and demographic and behavioral risk drivers, underlying these associations in both directions, are also described.Both the diseases are chronic and they are affecting large population worldwide. Periodontitis is also recognized as the sixth major complication of diabetes, while diabetes mellitus is a metabolic disorder which has an impact on the global health and plays a crucial role in the pathogenesis of periodontitis.The aim of this article is to illustrate a systematic and comprehensive analysis of the literature, on the mutual relationship between diabetes mellitus and periodontal diseases,trying to identify if the prevalence of periodontitis is higher in diabetics or if the incidence of diabetes is greater in patients with periodontal disease. Moreover, our intention is to increase the level of awareness of diabetologists and dentists about the interaction between this two pathologies.Oral and periodontal health should be promoted as integral components of diabetes management. Dental professionals can detect unrecognized potential dysglycemia and refer for medical examination. Furthermore, the control of periodontal disease may enhance glycemic control which contributes to a better control of periodontal disease.

Anti-Inflammatory and Antioxidant Properties of Carvacrol and Magnolol, in Periodontal Disease and Diabetes Mellitus

“…Prevention and treatment of pathologies in the superficial and deep marginal periodontium must be judiciously considered in the management of patients with hyperglycemia. It has been shown that keeping blood sugar levels under control has advantages over periodontal disease, while the treatment of periodontal disease improves metabolism in patients with diabetes [86]. Clear health strategies need to focus on periodontal disease, as a risk factor for diabetes and cardiovascular disease, through prevention and treatment programs for all chronic infections [87].…”

Assessing the Antioxidant Benefits of Topical Carvacrol and Magnolol Periodontal Hydrogel Therapy in Periodontitis Associated with Diabetes in Wistar Rats

“…Several studies have shown the bidirectional relationship between periodontal disease and diabetes [1][2][3][4]. Both pathologies are highly prevalent worldwide, but the mechanisms linking them are not fully understood [5].…”

“…Mohamed et al consider that chronic periodontitis is associated with disturbance of the local expressions of biomarkers related to the onset of type 2 diabetes and its medical complications in gingival crevicular fluid [2]. Casanova et al highlights that diabetes and periodontitis are chronic conditions that have a known reciprocal association, so that patients with diabetes have shown improvements in glycaemic control after receiving periodontal treatment, with HbA1c levels decreasing by about 0.4% [3,4].…”

Prevalence of Oral Manifestations of Systemic Diseases in Patients Visiting the Dental Outpatient Department of Sindh, Pakistan

“…To further highlight the importance of thoroughly inspecting the oral cavity, multiple studies have shown a positive correlation between periodontal disease and uncontrolled diabetes, cardiac conditions, stroke, and pregnancy. 8 Numerous systemic diseases can exhibit symptoms within the oral cavity, occasionally appearing before other clinical indications. Given the convenience of examination in this region, it becomes crucial for clinicians to recognize prevalent oral manifestations of diverse conditions, aiding in distinguishing between systemic issues and oral neoplastic changes.…”