The assessment of the cervical spine. Part 2: Strength and endurance/fatigue

The relationship between cervical flexor endurance, cervical extensor endurance, VAS, and disability in subjects with neck pain

“…This finding is coherent with the study of Grimmer & Trott [18], Peolsson et al [35,36], and Kumar at al [37]. Hormonal differences between sex might have indirect effect on muscle strength production [38,39]. …”

Cervical Muscle Strength and Muscle Coactivation During Isometric Contractions in Patients With Migraine: A Cross‐Sectional Study

“…These findings suggest that individuals with chronic migraine may show a similar pattern of decreased cervical extension peak force than those with idiopathic chronic neck pain, 21 although the impact of pain features on muscle strength is still controversial. 33 Women with chronic migraine also showed longer time to produce similar peak force at cervical flexion and left lateral-flexion, suggesting the presence of altered muscle performance in this population. Although these differences were small (0.4 seconds), but considering nerve conduction velocity, 38 they could suggest different strategy of muscles fiber recruitment in patients with chronic migraine; so further investigations regarding neck muscle recruitment in migraine are clearly needed.…”

“…Nevertheless, weak associations between cervical extension peak force and the frequency and intensity of neck pain were also observed. These findings suggest that individuals with chronic migraine may show a similar pattern of decreased cervical extension peak force than those with idiopathic chronic neck pain, although the impact of pain features on muscle strength is still controversial …”

Effects of Neck Strength Training on Isometric Neck Strength in Rugby Union Players

“…The purpose of this was to prevent any movement of their torso and lower body, therefore providing a counter-balance, thus allowing for the neck muscles to be tested in isolation, in accordance with the recommendations of Strimpakos. 11 The custom-designed neck harness was fitted to each individual participant such that the lower border of the harness was aligned with the occiput and the eyebrow line. For each test session, participants were required to perform 3 maximum isometric holds in flexion, extension, left-side flexion, and right-side flexion, whereas the principal investigator applied a linear force in the opposite direction to the required muscle action ( Figure 1).…”