The Assessment of State and Trait Anxiety with the Rorschach Test

Auerbach, Stephen M.; Spielberger, Charles D.

doi:10.1080/00223891.1972.10119767

Cited by 24 publications

(10 citation statements)

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“…During the preoperative screening visit, participants were asked to complete the State Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI),17 Beck Depression Inventory (BDI),18 19 and the Pain Catastrophizing Scale (PCS)20 questionnaires. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control (DNIC) was measured using the Medoc-TSAII (Medoc, Ramat-Yishai, Israel) according to the method described by Granot et al 9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer: a prospective observational study

Habib

Kertai

Cooter

et al. 2019

Reg Anesth Pain Med

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Background and objectivesThere are few prospective studies providing comprehensive assessment of risk factors for acute and persistent pain after breast surgery. This prospective observational study assessed patient-related, perioperative, and genetic risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain following breast cancer surgery.MethodsWomen presenting for elective breast cancer surgery completed State Trait Anxiety Inventory, Beck Depression Inventory, and Pain Catastrophizing Scale questionnaires preoperatively. Diffuse noxious inhibitory control and mechanical temporal summation were assessed. A blood sample was obtained for genetic analysis. Analgesic consumption and pain scores were collected in the post-anesthesia care unit, and at 24 and 72 hours. Patients were contacted at 1, 3, 6, and 12 months to assess persistent pain. Primary outcome was maximum acute pain score in first 72 hours and secondary outcome was persistent pain.ResultsOne hundred twenty-four patients were included in analysis. Increased duration of surgery, surgeon, and higher pain catastrophizing scores were associated with increased severity of acute pain, while preoperative radiotherapy was associated with reduced severity. Persistent pain was reported by 57.3% of patients. Postdischarge chemotherapy (OR 2.52, 95% CI 1.13 to 5.82), postdischarge radiation (OR 3.39, 95% CI 1.24 to 10.41), severe acute pain (OR 5.39, 95% CI 2.03 to 15.54), and moderate acute pain (OR 5.31, 95% CI 1.99 to 15.30) were associated with increased likelihood of persistent pain.ConclusionsIncreased duration of surgery, higher pain catastrophizing score, and surgeon were associated with increased severity of acute pain. Preoperative radiation was associated with lower acute pain scores. Postsurgery radiation, chemotherapy, and severity of acute pain were associated with increased likelihood of persistent pain.Trial registration NCT03307525.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer: a prospective observational study

Habib

Kertai

Cooter

et al. 2019

Reg Anesth Pain Med

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“…State-Trait Anxiety Inventory (STAI) (Auerbach and Spielberger, 1972) comprises separate self-report scales for measuring State (acute) and Trait (general) anxiety. Scores range from 20–80 with higher scores indicating higher anxiety, with the norm for State 35±10 and Trait 35±9.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress

Brummelte

Chau

Cepeda

et al. 2015

Psychoneuroendocrinology

157

122

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Summary Early life stress can alter hypothalamic pituitary adrenal (HPA) axis function. Differences in cortisol levels have been found in preterm infants exposed to substantial procedural stress during neonatal intensive care, compared to infants born full-term, but only a few studies investigated whether altered programming of the HPA axis persists past toddler age. Further, there is a dearth of knowledge of what may contribute to these changes in cortisol. This prospective cohort study examined the cortisol profiles in response to the stress of cognitive assessment, as well as the diurnal rhythm of cortisol, in children (n=129) born at varying levels of prematurity (24–32 weeks gestation) and at full-term (38–41 weeks gestation), at age 7 years. Further, we investigated the relationships among cortisol levels and neonatal procedural pain-related stress (controlling for multiple medical confounders), concurrent maternal factors (parenting stress, depressive and anxiety symptoms) and children’s behavioral problems. For each aim we investigate acute cortisol response profiles to a cognitive challenge as well as diurnal cortisol patterns at home. We hypothesized that children born very preterm will differ in their pattern of cortisol secretion from children born full-term, possibly depended on concurrent child and maternal factors, and that exposure to neonatal pain-related stress would be associated with altered cortisol secretion in children born very preterm, possibly in a sex-dependent way. Saliva samples were collected from 7-year old children three times during a laboratory visit for assessment of cognitive and executive functions (pretest, mid-test, end - study day acute stress profile) and at four times over two consecutive non-school days at home (i.e. morning, mid-morning, afternoon and bedtime - diurnal rhythm profile). We found that cortisol profiles were similar in preterm and full-term children, albeit preterms had slightly higher cortisol at bedtime compared to full-term children. Importantly, in the preterm group, greater neonatal procedural pain-related stress (adjusted for morphine) was associated with lower cortisol levels on the study day (p=0.044) and lower diurnal cortisol at home (p=0.023), with effects found primarily in boys. In addition, child attention problems were negatively, and thought problems were positively, associated with the cortisol response during cognitive assessment on the study day in preterm children. Our findings suggest that neonatal pain/stress contributes to altered HPA axis function up to school-age in children born very preterm, and that sex may be an important factor.

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“…[2][3][4][5][6][7] Ank si ye te nin ağ rı eşi ği nin düş mesi ne ne den olan bir fak tör ol du ğu be lir til miş tir. 8 Ay rı ca cer ra hi iş lem stre si ce va bı be lir le yen bir seri hor mo nal ve me ta bo lik de ği şik lik le ri sti mü le eder.…”

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Can Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Need be Predicted in Preoperative Period?

Kirdemi̇r¹,

Özorak²

2011

Turkiye Klinikleri J Med Sci

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Ö ÖZ ZE ET T A Am ma aç ç: : Bu ça lış may la has ta nın pre o pe ra tif ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği, ank si ye te ve kor ti zol dü zey le ri ve de mog ra fik ve ri leri ile pos to pe ra tif ağ rı dü ze yi ve anal je zik ih ti ya cı ara sın da ki iliş ki yi de ğer lendir me yi amaç la dık. G Ge e r re eç ç v ve e Y Yö ön n t te em m l le er r: : Etik ku rul ona yı ve has ta la rın ya zı lı iz ni alın dık tan son ra la pa ros ko pik ko le sis tek to mi uy gu la na cak ASA I-II 40 has ta ça lış ma ya alın dı. Pre o pe ra tif du rum luluk kay gı öl çe ği uy gu lan dı. Ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği her iki el 3 ve 4. par mak pul pa la rın dan al go met re ile öl çül dü. Ope ras yon ön ce si ve son ra sı kor ti zol dü ze yi için kan alın dı. Tra ma dol 50 mg ve ril dik ten son ra has ta kon trol lü anal je zi (HKA) ağ rı pom pa sı 10 mg bo lus, 10 dk ki lit sü re si ayar la na rak ta kıl -dı. Has ta la rın "10., 20., 30." da ki ka lar da ve "2., 4., 6., 12., 24." sa at ler de vi sü el ana log ska la (VAS) sko ru, bo lus doz sa yı sı, bu to na bas ma sa yı sı ve ve ri len anal je zik mik tar la rı kay de dil di. Has ta la rın cin si yet, yaş, beden kitle indeksi, eği tim dü ze yi, anes te zi de ne yi mi, du rum lu luk kay gı pu an la rı, kor ti zol ve ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği dü zey le ri ile pos to pe ra tif VAS, bo lus doz, bu to na bas ma ve ve ri len analje zik mik tar la rı kar şı laş tı rıl dı. B Bu ul l g gu u l la ar r: : Ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği ka dın lar da er kek le re gö re da ha dü şük tü (p= 0.021). Eği tim se vi ye si art tık ça ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği dü ze yin de düş me göz len di (p= 0.016). Er ken posto pe ra tif dö nem de bu to na bas ma sa yı sı en di şe li grup ta an lam lı ola rak yük sek ti. Ba sınç ağ rı eşi ği yük sek olan lar da en di şe dü ze yi da ha az dı (p= 0.03). S So o n nu uç ç: : Pos to pe ra tif ağ rı ve ge re ke bi le cek analje zik mik ta rı has ta la rın fi zik sel ve psi ko lo jik du rum la rı ile bir lik te pre o pe ra tif ola rak plan lan ma lı -dır.A An na ah h t ta ar r K Ke e l li i m me e l le er r: : Ağ rı eşi ği; ağ rı, pos to pe ra tif; ank si ye te A AB BS S T TR RA AC CT T O Ob b j je ec c t ti i v ve e: : In this study, we ai med to eva lu a te the re la ti ons hip bet we en pre o pe ra ti ve pa in pres su re thres hold (PPT), an xi ety, cor ti so l le vels and de mog rap hic da ta of the pa ti ents and level of pos to pe ra ti ve pa in and anal ge sic ne ed. M Ma a t te e r ri i a al l a an nd d M Me et t h ho od ds s: : Fo urty ASA I-II pa ti ents who wo uld un der go la pa ras co pic cho lecy stec tomy we re en rol led in the study af ter et hi cal com met tee ap pro val and writ ten in for med con sents were obtained. Pre o pe ra ti ve con di ti o nal an xi ety sca le was app li ed. PPT was me a su red from 3. and 4. di gi tal pulps of both hands using an al go me ter. Blood was drawn be fo re and af ter sur gery for cor ti so l me a su re ments. Pos to pe ra ti vely 50 mg tra madol was gi ven, pa ti ent con trol led anal ge si a (PCA) pa in pump was in ser ted by ad jus ting 10 mg bo lu...

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The Assessment of State and Trait Anxiety with the Rorschach Test

Cited by 24 publications

References 50 publications

Risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer: a prospective observational study

Risk factors for severe acute pain and persistent pain after surgery for breast cancer: a prospective observational study

Cortisol levels in former preterm children at school age are predicted by neonatal procedural pain-related stress

Can Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Need be Predicted in Preoperative Period?

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