The assessment of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase levels in saliva of adolescents with dental caries

Abstract

BackgroundSaliva contains a number of protective factors such as mucins, immunoglobulins (e.g., IgA, IgG, and IgM), and enzymes (e.g., lysozyme and lactoperoxidases) that play an important role in the maintenance of oral health. The aim of this study was to compare levels of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase in saliva of adolescents with dental caries.Material/MethodsThirty-five adolescents (age 18 years) from high school were examined. Eight subjects with DMF=3 (Group I) and 27 adolescents with DMF>11 (Group II) were enrolled for this study. Clinical evaluation procedures comprised oral examination (including tooth, periodontal, and oral mucosal status) and collection of saliva samples. Saliva was collected for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and was used for determination of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase levels.ResultsOur results showed that adolescents with very high intensity of dental caries (DMF>11) had increased levels of sIgA, histatin-5, and lactoperoxidase compared to adolescents with lower intensity of caries. The increase was statistically significant (p<0.05).ConclusionsWe suggest that high intensity of caries is associated with increased levels of some salivary components – sIgA, histatin-5 and lactoperoxidase – that possess strong bactericidal or bacteriostatic effects, resulting in aggregation of oral bacteria and their clearance from the oral cavity.

Evaluating the relationship between dental caries number and salivary level of IgA in adults

“…According to the analysis of the current study results, increasing the number of decayed teeth (particularly between the groups 1 and 4) significantly increased the amount of salivary IgA, which was consistent with the results of the studies by Fidalgo ( 4 ), Ranadheer ( 2 ), Gornowicz ( 6 ), Bagherian ( 8 ) and yang ( 9 ). These studies also indicated the higher levels of salivary IgA in the cases with dental caries, compared with caries free ones.…”

“…Hence, there is a strong tendency toward using saliva to diagnose diseases in the early stages ( 12 , 13 ); in addition, using saliva is an easy and cost-effective method, it is safe and non-invasive for the examiner, and also it does not need extensive equipment and facilities( 4 , 14 , 15 ). There are a few and inadequate studies on adult’s salivary IgA and only the studies by Koga-ito ( 3 ) and Gornowicz ( 6 ) involved adults. Therefore, investigation in this regard seemed to be necessary.…”

“…Shifa indicated no significant relationship between the number of decayed teeth and level of IgA, although he reported a little increase in the level of IgA in the caries free people ( 1 ). On the other hand, Gornowicz and Fidalgo indicated higher levels of salivary IgA in people with more decayed teeth ( 4 , 6 ).…”

A study on β-defensin-2 and histatin-5 as a diagnostic marker of early childhood caries progression

“…The obtained results are consistent with the results of Gornowicz et al, who demonstrated increased level of HST-5 in group of children with severe caries, but higher concentrations were observed in children with severe form of the disease compared to patients with the initial demineralization involvement [ 38 ].…”

Expression and Function of Host Defense Peptides at Inflammation Sites

“…Briefly, histatins 1, 3, and 5 belong to a family of salivary peptides that help to maintain the human oral mucosa, along with the β-defensins. An elevated expression of histatin 5 is detected in the saliva of children with a high level of dental cavities harboring specific bacterial species, such as Streptococcus mutans, S. sanguinis, S. mitis, as well as Lactobacillus rhamnosus in the oral environment [77,78]. In contrast, RNAse 7 is abundantly found within specialized uroepithelial cells in bladder lining, ureters, and kidneys, protecting the urinary system from invading microbes.…”