The assessment of reservoir potential of Permian to Eocene reservoirs of Minwal-Joyamair fields, upper Indus basin, Pakistan

Lateef, Muhammad; Ehsan, Muhsan; Ali, Muhammad; Ali, Abid; Bessa, Armel Zacharie Ekoa; Abioui, Mohamed

doi:10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e16517

Cited by 2 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…In the Kohat sub-basin, the source rock potential has not been very well studied, particularly for Paleocene formations. Several studies have been conducted to evaluate the source rock potential of the Paleocene Patala formation, which acts as a primary source rock in the Potwar basin lying in the east of the study area. , Other Paleocene units, including Lockhart and Hangu, bear a strong source rock potential, which was also reported in other studies in the Potwar basin. − Generally, the TOC values in the Patala formation lie between 0.5% and greater than 3.5% in the Potwar Plateau, Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan . The Lockhart formation also bears a good source rock potential in the basin, with an average value of TOC ≥ 1.4% .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“… 13 , 21 Other Paleocene units, including Lockhart and Hangu, bear a strong source rock potential, which was also reported in other studies in the Potwar basin. 56 − 57 58 59 Generally, the TOC values in the Patala formation lie between 0.5% and greater than 3.5% in the Potwar Plateau, Upper Indus Basin of Pakistan. 21 The Lockhart formation also bears a good source rock potential in the basin, with an average value of TOC ≥ 1.4%.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Sohail,

Mehmood,

Jahandad

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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The Kohat sub-basin is one of the main hydrocarbon-producing sedimentary basins located in the northwest extension of the Indus Basin in Pakistan. It contains numerous proven and potential petroleum from the Cambrian to the Miocene. Conventional petroleum resources have been depleting rapidly over the last couple of years. Therefore, unconventional resources should be explored using a variety of geochemical and geophysical techniques to address the energy demands. Geochemical techniques, including total organic carbon (TOC) assessment, Rock-Eval pyrolysis, organic petrography, and biomarker studies, are essential for evaluating the potential of shale gas reservoirs to delineate future prospects in a basin. The source rock potential of the Paleocene rocks, including the Patala, Lockhart, and Hangu formations of the sub-basin, is evaluated using geochemical analyses on well cuttings from the Tolanj-01 well. The analyses include estimation of total organic carbon (TOC), Rock-Eval pyrolysis, and organic petrography (vitrinite reflectance) to evaluate the organic richness, thermal maturity, kerogen type, hydrocarbon type, and environment of deposition. Other techniques for extractable organic matter (EOM) include solid−liquid chromatographic separation of fractions, gas chromatography (GC-FID)/whole oil chromatography, and gas chromatography−mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The organic matter (TOC, wt %) analysis reveals that 18 (18) samples of the Hangu formation (0.08−1.8 wt %) show poor values, 12 (12) samples of the Lockhart formation (0.05−0.5 wt %) have poor to fair content, and 26 (26) samples of the Patala formation have poor to fair (0.08−0.19 wt %) TOC content. Rock-Eval pyrolysis studies including hydrogen index, oxygen index, T max , quantities of free hydrocarbons (S 1 , mg/ g), and hydrocarbons produced from pyrolysis (S 2 , mg/g) are determined for the well-cut samples (56) of the Paleocene rocks. The hydrogen index values for the Hangu formation are lower than 200, and those for the Lockhart and Patala formations range between 100 and 250. A maceral analysis is also conducted on these samples, which reveal that the majority of the samples of the Paleocene units present in the basin belong to kerogen types II/III. The thermal maturity of the Hangu and Lockhart formations falls in the late-stage oil window, while that of the Patala formation falls in the peak to late oil window. The genetic potential (GP) for these rock units is also determined based on S 1 and S 2 values, which reveals that it is generally poor except for a few samples of the Hangu and Lockhart formations, which show fair GP values. For the organic petrography (vitrinite reflectance, R 0 ), one sample from each unit is selected, which shows that the Hangu, Lockhart, and Patala formations fall in the category of the mature oil window with their R 0 (%) values being 0.95, 0.89, and 0.82, respectively. The extracts (EOM) from these rock units are also analyzed to assess the depositional settings, biological source input, biodegradation, thermal ...

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Sohail,

Mehmood,

Jahandad

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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“… (a) Geological map with index map of Pakistan showing the position of Minwal-Joyamair with adjoining fields (modified and updated from refs 24 and 25 . (b) Base map of the study area with 2D seismic profiles and wells.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Unconventional Reservoir Characterization of Patala Formation, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

Ehsan,

Chen,

Latif

et al. 2024

ACS Omega

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Unconventional hydrocarbon exploration is needed in the current oil and gas crisis scenario. Therefore, the development of conditions for unconventional hydrocarbon exploration is needed. In the Upper Indus Basin (UIB), Pakistan, the Patala Formation is one of the potential candidates for this unconventional exploration. It is a proven source rock at the regional level in the Kohat-Potwar sub-basin of UIB. This study aims to evaluate the shale gas potential of the rock in the Minwal-Joyamair area of the sub-basin. Developing a shale rock physics model is important for exploring and developing shale reservoirs due to the difference between unconventional shale and conventional sand reservoirs. These differences include mineral types, mineral characteristics, matrix pores, and fluid properties. To achieve the study's objectives, an integrated strategy provides for evaluating rock physics parameters, petrophysics, and geochemical analyses. This integrated approach indicates that the Patala Formation is a good potential reservoir for shale gas exploration. The Formation has a significant thickness (around 40−50 m), higher total organic carbon content (02−10%), higher brittleness index (0.44−0.56), and relatively shallow depth (2136−3223 m). These research findings suggested that the presence of organic and quartz-rich lithofacies can be considered as highly favorable "sweet spots" for shale-gas exploration in the UIB, Pakistan. Through proper understanding of the spatial and temporal distribution of these "sweet spots", shale-gas exploration can be developed as an effective strategy to exploit shale gas.

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The assessment of reservoir potential of Permian to Eocene reservoirs of Minwal-Joyamair fields, upper Indus basin, Pakistan

Cited by 2 publications

References 36 publications

Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Geochemical Evaluation of Paleocene Source Rocks in the Kohat Sub-Basin, Pakistan

Unconventional Reservoir Characterization of Patala Formation, Upper Indus Basin, Pakistan

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