“…The importance of non-monetary incentives in waste recycling has already been emphasized in literature (Berglund, 2006;Brekke et al 2003Brekke et al , 2007Brekke et al , 2010Hage et al 2009;Halvorsen, 2008). Kinnaman (2006) indeed suggests that the benefits of recycling households are increased more by warm-glow incentives than by unit-based pricing, to the point that households may even be willing to pay for the opportunity to recycle 7 .…”
Though reduction is at the top of the waste management hierarchy, EU policies have historically introduced waste management incentives mainly concerning waste recovery and recycling, in addition to actions aimed at reducing disposal in landfills. Only very recently have EU policies started defining targets for waste reduction. Against this backdrop, we aim to examine whether individual behavior towards waste reduction is more strongly driven by extrinsic motivations such as social norms, or intrinsic motivations such as purely altruistic preferences. We exploit a large new survey that covers thousands of individuals for the EU27, to test the role of motivations when people are faced with collective management of the public good. We find that diverse motivations are behind the reduction of food waste: extrinsic motivations nevertheless increase the likelihood of producing more waste. Green consumption / recycling-oriented attitudes and individualistic thinking about waste management relate to 'waste producers'. This shows that in order to go beyond a recycling-oriented society towards reduction of the source of waste externality -its generation -the nature of social preferences matters. Behavior patterns leading to waste reduction are less socially oriented, less exposed to peer pressure and more reliant upon purely 'altruistic' social attitudes. Policy makers should learn from the relevant insights on social behavior we here address if our societies aim to fully integrate the idea of waste reduction alongside recycling in the future.
“…The importance of non-monetary incentives in waste recycling has already been emphasized in literature (Berglund, 2006;Brekke et al 2003Brekke et al , 2007Brekke et al , 2010Hage et al 2009;Halvorsen, 2008). Kinnaman (2006) indeed suggests that the benefits of recycling households are increased more by warm-glow incentives than by unit-based pricing, to the point that households may even be willing to pay for the opportunity to recycle 7 .…”
Though reduction is at the top of the waste management hierarchy, EU policies have historically introduced waste management incentives mainly concerning waste recovery and recycling, in addition to actions aimed at reducing disposal in landfills. Only very recently have EU policies started defining targets for waste reduction. Against this backdrop, we aim to examine whether individual behavior towards waste reduction is more strongly driven by extrinsic motivations such as social norms, or intrinsic motivations such as purely altruistic preferences. We exploit a large new survey that covers thousands of individuals for the EU27, to test the role of motivations when people are faced with collective management of the public good. We find that diverse motivations are behind the reduction of food waste: extrinsic motivations nevertheless increase the likelihood of producing more waste. Green consumption / recycling-oriented attitudes and individualistic thinking about waste management relate to 'waste producers'. This shows that in order to go beyond a recycling-oriented society towards reduction of the source of waste externality -its generation -the nature of social preferences matters. Behavior patterns leading to waste reduction are less socially oriented, less exposed to peer pressure and more reliant upon purely 'altruistic' social attitudes. Policy makers should learn from the relevant insights on social behavior we here address if our societies aim to fully integrate the idea of waste reduction alongside recycling in the future.
“…5, the results regarding influence of education level on recycling are not consistent. Correlations have been reported with years of schooling and future higher education [9,21,22,25,26,29,30,33,35], but a [7,24,31,32,38,39].…”
Section: Socio-demographic Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…5). Those reporting any dependence between gender and recycling behaviour include Barr et al [22], Meneses and Palasio [24], Saphores et al [25], Ekere et al [38], and the majority have found no significant correlation [7,[26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33].…”
Section: Socio-demographic Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…4). Some authors have found a relationship between recycling behaviour and age [10,[20][21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29], but others report no significant correlation [4,7,[30][31][32][33].…”
Section: Socio-demographic Variablesmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Generally, they conclude that individuals will recycle if they feel personal responsibility to do so. According to Berglund [32], moral motives significantly lower the cost associated with household recycling efforts and, as a result, increase recycling participation. Meneses and Palacio [24] found that persons with negative motivation towards recycling had greater barriers to recycling than those who were less negatively motivated.…”
Section: Socio-psychological Group Of Variablesmentioning
PostprintThis is the accepted version of a paper published in Waste and Biomass Valorization. This paper has been peer-reviewed but does not include the final publisher proof-corrections or journal pagination. Abstract A meta-analysis was made of results from previous studies on different variables influencing and determining the recycling behaviour of householders. These studies were conducted by researchers working in various fields in a number of different countries and are published in diverse journals. We evaluated trends in research outputs in the period 1990-2010, during which the provision of recycling facilities to householders has greatly expanded and requirements have become more extensive and often more complex. Variables affecting the recycling behaviour of householders were classified into four theoretical groups: socio-psychological, technical-organisational, individual socio-demographic and study-specific. These groups (clusters) were identified in a meta-analysis of 63 empirical studies culled from published research. The strongest predictors of householders' recycling behaviour were identified as being convenience, moral norms, information and environmental concern. The theoretical framework developed can be used to formulate questionnaires and in data analysis.
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