The Assessment of Drug Use Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators

Shrestha, Binaya; Dixit, Siddharth

doi:10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1208

Cited by 8 publications

(15 citation statements)

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“…This finding was similar to findings obtained at other hospitals in central Nepal. 17,18 In this study, the number of prescriptions encountered with injection was low (1.8%). Recent studies conducted in hospital outpatients in Kathmandu, Nepal (1.5) 25 , central Nepal (0.7) 18 also reported lower values of injectable been prescribed.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…17,18 In this study, the number of prescriptions encountered with injection was low (1.8%). Recent studies conducted in hospital outpatients in Kathmandu, Nepal (1.5) 25 , central Nepal (0.7) 18 also reported lower values of injectable been prescribed. However, a survey performed in hospitals of south Ethiopia (38.1%) 26 and Iran (41%) 27 has shown higher rates of injectable encounters in prescriptions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

“…19 In this study, the overall percentage of encounters with an antibiotic prescribed was 30.2%, which is close to the reference optimal value of ≤30 %. 12 In a previous study conducted in hospitals of Nepal and other countries both higher and lower values were reported, 37.9% in central Nepal 18 , 26.4% in western Nepal 20 , 51.5% in Bahawalpur, Pakistan 21 , 46.7% in south Ethiopia 22 , 57.8% in eastern Ethiopia 23 . In our study, Hospital 1 had a significantly higher number of prescriptions containing antibiotics encounters than Hospital 2 (p<0.001).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

“…2) 17 and central Nepal teaching hospital (5.85) 18 . Polypharmacy was also reported in similar studies conducted in hospitals of Bahawalpur, Pakistan (2.8) 19 , Uttar Pradesh, India (2.9) 15 , Lucknow India (2.91) 16 , Faridpur city, Bangladesh (4.14) 17 , Iran (2.06-3.68) 18 . This shows that prescription consisting of polypharmacy is a unique problem, particularly in developing countries.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Morbidity profile and prescription audits using WHO core prescribing indicator in government hospitals of Province 1, Nepal

Shah

Dahal

Sah

et al. 2021

Europasian J Med Sci.

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Background: Periodic assessment of morbidity and drug use at various levels of healthcare delivery system is important to recognize common prevalent morbidities and rationalize the use of medicines. The study was conducted to determine the common morbidities and audit prescription using WHO prescribing indicator in government operated tertiary hospitals of eastern Nepal. Methods: A cross-sectional study was carried out in government tertiary hospitals of Province 1, Nepal, from March 2019 to August 2019. For analysis, descriptive statistics were used. Prescribing characteristics were evaluated using recommended guidelines of the World Health Organization (WHO) prescribing indicators. Results: Six hundred prescriptions were analyzed. The most prevalent morbidity was endocrine, nutrition & metabolic diseases (21.5%) followed by diseases of the respiratory system (19.8%), circulatory system (17.6%), and digestive system (12.8%). The most frequently encountered individual disease entity were hypertension (18.7%), diabetes (15.5%), acid peptic disorders (14%). A total of 2072 drugs were prescribed with an average of 3.45 (± 1.39) drugs per consultation. About 30.2% of prescriptions encountered contain at least one antibiotics, whereas injectable were prescribed in 1.8%. Only 3.9% of total medicines were prescribed in generic name and 31.7% of drug prescribed were from essential medicine list. Conclusion: Among the prescriptions evaluated, diseases of the endocrine, respiratory, cardiovascular, and gastrointestinal systems were the most common morbidities. Polypharmacy was prevalent to some extent whereas prescribing in generic and essential medicine list was poor relative to standard WHO recommendations. However, the overall prescribing of antibiotics and injection were found to be satisfactory.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 58%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 85%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Morbidity profile and prescription audits using WHO core prescribing indicator in government hospitals of Province 1, Nepal

Shah

Dahal

Sah

et al. 2021

Europasian J Med Sci.

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“…WHO expertise provides various methodologies and set of indicators to access drug therapy across the world. Evaluation of antimicrobials using WHO prescribing indicators help to effectively access the antimicrobial use and it also promotes rational use of antimicrobials [5]. Prescribing indicators are mainly used to access the antimicrobial prescribing quality in hospitals.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of antimicrobial use in private and government hospitals, a comparative study in central kerala, using who indicators

Roy¹,

George²,

Issac³

et al. 2021

Int J Indig Herb Drug

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Background: Irrational use of antimicrobial can cause various unwanted and untoward events. It may diminish the quality of patient care, increase the cost of therapy, and involvement in various side effects. Thus, the appropriateness of antimicrobial use in hospitals plays a pivotal role in patient safety. Objective: To analyze and assess the prescribing pattern of antimicrobials in private and government hospitals as per the WHO indicators. Methodology: A prospective comparative observational study was carried out for 6 months, with the patient diagnosed with an infectious disease admitted to the medical ward of both the hospitals during the study period. The data obtained from the study sites were Compared and analyzed using WHO indicators described in WHO’s “How to Investigate Antimicrobial use in Hospitals: Selected Indicators, Feb 2012”. Results: The study involved 216 patients and the average number of antimicrobials prescribed was found to be 1.73 in a private hospital and 2.07 in the government hospital, average cost of antimicrobials was found to be 86.48 INR in private and 31.04 INR in the government hospital, average duration of antimicrobial treatment was 4.8 in private and 5.2 in the government hospital, and the percentage of antimicrobials prescribed in generic was 33.33% in private and 87.83% in the government hospital. Considering the spectrum of antibiotics, both private (94.7%) and government (88.8%) used broad-spectrum antimicrobials. In both hospitals, cephalosporins were the most frequently prescribed class of antimicrobials. Comparing the dosage of antimicrobials given, injection usage is at the highest in government (59.5%) as well as in the private hospital (68.4%). Conclusion: This study indicates that the average cost of antimicrobials was more in a private hospital than that in a government hospital and other indicators such as the number of antimicrobials per hospitalization, duration of antimicrobial treatment, and the percentage of generic antimicrobials prescribed were all found to be more in a government hospital. In both private and government hospitals broad-spectrum antimicrobials were widely used, with cephalosporin as the most prescribed class.

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The magnitude of prescribing medicines by brand names in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania

Mwita

Mchau

Minja

et al. 2022

The Journal of Medicine Access

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Background: Globally, one of the most common causes of irrational use of medicines is brand-name prescribing. The consequence of prescribing medicines using brand names is an economic burden on patients and society. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the magnitude of prescribing medicines by brand names in a tertiary hospital in Mwanza, Tanzania. Methods: A retrospective cross-sectional study was conducted between April 2020 and March 2021 at the Bugando Medical Centre. Data were collected from electronic prescriptions (outpatients) and medical files (inpatients). The data were analyzed using STATA version 14. A Chi-square test was conducted to examine the relationship between different categorical variables. p-Values of less than 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results: Of 851 prescriptions analyzed, 416 (48.9%) contained medicines prescribed using brand names. Compared to outpatient units, the proportion of prescriptions with medicines prescribed by brand names in inpatient units was significantly higher (58.5% vs 39.1%), p < 0.001. The most frequently prescribed medicines by brand names were Ampiclox (ampicillin + cloxacillin), 35.2%, Buscopan (hyoscine butylbromide), 8.7%, and Amoxyclav (amoxicillin + clavulanic acid), 7.7%. Conclusion: Prescriptions written with brand names were found to be common, especially among fixed-dose combinations (FDCs), according to the current study. Governments, institutions, and other stakeholders should support and encourage the use of generic names in prescription writing because it saves money for patients and health care systems. This calls for Tanzania’s government to prioritize the development and implementation of generic prescribing policies.

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The Assessment of Drug Use Pattern Using WHO Prescribing Indicators

Cited by 8 publications

References 0 publications

Morbidity profile and prescription audits using WHO core prescribing indicator in government hospitals of Province 1, Nepal

Morbidity profile and prescription audits using WHO core prescribing indicator in government hospitals of Province 1, Nepal

Assessment of antimicrobial use in private and government hospitals, a comparative study in central kerala, using who indicators

The magnitude of prescribing medicines by brand names in a tertiary hospital, Mwanza, Tanzania

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