The Assessment of Basic Features of Electroencephalography in Metabolic Encephalopathies

Abstract

Background:The comparison of the electroencephalography (EEG) data with the patients' primary diagnosis and the relationship with the prognosis was assessed with this study in the cases that are being followed up with the diagnosis of metabolic encephalopathy (ME).Methods: A total of 306 patients who were being followed up due to ME between January 2009 and September 2011 were included in the study. The etiologic causes in the cases were detected as hyponatremia in 26.2%, hypoxic ischemic encephalopathy in 23.8%, renal failure in 14.4%, hepatic failure in 11.7%, diabetes mellitus in 8.2%, endocrinopathies except for diabetes mellitus in 8.8%, and hypernatremia in the remaining 6.9%. EEG examinations were performed with two different methods. Firstly, 269 of 367 EEGs were analyzed for baseline activity, divided in six stages.Results: Another assessment in EEG examination considering abnormal patterns was performed and 281 of 367 EEGs were taken into this assessment; reduction in the alpha, asynchronous slow waves, focal slow activities, triphasic waves, burst-suppression pattern, and generalized or focal spike-sharp activities were observed. There were no differences between the EEG groups statistically by age and sex. There were no statistical associations between diagnoses and the change of consciousness (P = 0.187). There was no significant correlation between EEG findings and diagnostic groups (P = 0.126); however, it was statistically shown that as the impaired consciousness increased, the EEG stages moved forward to worse stages (P < 0.001). Conclusion:We think that EEG examination does not contribute to the diagnosis of the etiology of the disease; however, it may be useful in follow-ups and prognosis in ME.

Neurophysiological and Neuroradiological Changes in children with chronic kidney disease

“…Gadewar et al (31) showed that frontal and fronto-temporal sharp wave transients were reoresented as the stage of CKD was progressed and were present in stage 5 and stage 4, frontal sharp wave transients were reported in 50% of stage 5 and in 71.43% of stage 4. Demir et al (32) reported that bilateral spike wave activity was found in 14% of patients with uremic encephalopathy who don't have seizures. Also, Koçer et al (33) demonstrated that sharp wave transients in the later stages of CKD, and occipital sharp wave transients were found in stage 4 and p-value is reported to be signi cant in the distributional pattern at different progressive stages of CKD.…”

Diagnosis of Encephalopathy Based on Energies of EEG Subbands Using Discrete Wavelet Transform and Support Vector Machine

“…The failure of major organs like kidneys, liver, lungs, and the respiratory system may result in a general deterioration of the brain function. This type of secondary impairment of the brain due to the malfunctioning of other organs is called “metabolic encephalopathy” [ 18 ]. We have compared the energies of the subbands, which were obtained using DWT, with that of normal and classified using support vector machine (SVM).…”

Electroencephalogram findings in chronic kidney disease

“…Also, Koçer et al, [26] found sharp wave transients in the later stages of CKD, occipital sharp wave transients is noted in stage 4 and p-value is found to be significant in the distributional pattern at different progressive stages of CKD. Demir et al [21] found bilateral spike wave activity in 14% of the patients with uremic encephalopathy who clinically don't have seizures and in 20% triphasic waves can be encountered in direct proportion of blood urea level. Arnold and Krishnan,[25] added that triphasic sharp waves on EEG are considered a specific feature of metabolic encephalopathy.…”