The assessment of affective reactivity using films: Validity, reliability and sex differences

Hagemann, Dirk; Naumann, Ewald; Maier, Stefanie; Becker, Gabriele; Lürken, Alexander; Bartussek, Dieter

doi:10.1016/s0191-8869(98)00159-7

Cited by 82 publications

(64 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Since no IAPS pictures were available to support the experience of anger, the face models were, in this instance, asked to think of and reexperience a situation in their personal past in which they had felt anger and to display it as strongly as possible on their face. In order to facilitate the adequate display of sadness, the face models in the sadness condition additionally watched a movie sequence from The Champ by Franco Zeffirelli (1979) taken from a set of clips developed by Hagemann et al (1999) to induce different emotions.…”

Section: Development Of the Faces Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

Ebner

Riediger

Lindenberger

2010

Behavior Research Methods

1,016

866

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Faces are widely used as stimuli in various research fields. Interest in emotion-related differences and ageassociated changes in the processing of faces is growing. With the aim of systematically varying both expression and age of the face, we created FACES, a database comprising N 171 naturalistic faces of young, middle-aged, and older women and men. Each face is represented with two sets of six facial expressions (neutrality, sadness, disgust, fear, anger, and happiness), resulting in 2,052 individual images. A total of N 154 young, middleaged, and older women and men rated the faces in terms of facial expression and perceived age. With its large age range of faces displaying different expressions, FACES is well suited for investigating developmental and other research questions on emotion, motivation, and cognition, as well as their interactions. Information on using FACES for research purposes can be found at

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Section: Development Of the Faces Databasementioning

confidence: 99%

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

Ebner

Riediger

Lindenberger

2010

Behavior Research Methods

1,016

866

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“…The preexperimental affect induction may have had a milder, more tonic effect compared with the repetitive presentation of affective stimuli. However, several studies indicate that movie clips are quite effective in eliciting a positive mood (Harle & Sanfey, 2007;Hagemann et al, 1999;Gross & Levenson, 1995;Forgas & Moylan, 1987) that can last for approximately 30 min (Sinclair, Mark, Enzle, Borkovec, & Cumbleton, 1994). Brief electrical stimulation of basolateral nuclei in the amygdala (in rats) resulted in a similar time course of DA release from the VTA into the striatum (up to 30 min; Floresco, Yang, Phillips, & Blaha, 1998).…”

Section: Relation To Other Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Positive Affect Modulates Flexibility and Evaluative Control

Wouwe

Band²,

Ridderinkhof

2011

Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience

124

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The ability to interact with a constantly changing environment requires a balance between maintaining the currently relevant working memory content and being sensitive to potentially relevant new information that should be given priority access to working memory. Mesocortical dopamine projections to frontal brain areas modulate working memory maintenance and flexibility. Recent neurocognitive and neurocomputational work suggests that dopamine release is transiently enhanced by induced positive affect. This ERP study investigated the role of positive affect in different aspects of information processing: in proactive control (context maintenance and updating), reactive control (flexible adaptation to incoming task-relevant information), and evaluative control in an AX-CPT task. Subjects responded to a target probe if it was preceded by a specific cue. Induced positive affect influenced the reactive and evaluative components of control (indexed by the N2 elicited by the target and by the error-related negativity elicited after incorrect responses, respectively), whereas cue-induced proactive preparation and maintenance processes remained largely unaffected (as reflected in the P3b and the contingent negative variation components of the ERP).

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“…Films and videos are now widely used for the induction of a variety of Gross and Levenson, 1995;Hagemann et al, 1999;Luminet et al, 2000). Still photographs, such as the ''Philadelphia Morgue'' set, have been used extensively to elicit emotions such as fear and disgust (see Averill et al, 1978).…”

Section: Antecedent Conditionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech

Cowie

Cornelius

2003

Speech Communication

501

291

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To study relations between speech and emotion, it is necessary to have methods of describing emotion. Finding appropriate methods is not straightforward, and there are difficulties associated with the most familiar. The word emotion itself is problematic: a narrow sense is often seen as ''correct'', but it excludes what may be key areas in relation to speech--including states where emotion is present but not full-blown, and related states (e.g., arousal, attitude). Everyday emotion words form a rich descriptive system, but it is intractable because it involves so many categories, and the relationships among them are undefined. Several alternative types of description are available. Emotion-related biological changes are well documented, although reductionist conceptions of them are problematic. Psychology offers descriptive systems based on dimensions such as evaluation (positive or negative) and level of activation, or on logical elements that can be used to define an appraisal of the situation. Adequate descriptive systems need to recognise the importance of both time course and interactions involving multiple emotions and/or deliberate control. From these conceptions of emotion come various tools and techniques for describing particular episodes. Different tools and techniques are appropriate for different purposes.

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The assessment of affective reactivity using films: Validity, reliability and sex differences

Cited by 82 publications

References 23 publications

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

FACES—A database of facial expressions in young, middle-aged, and older women and men: Development and validation

Positive Affect Modulates Flexibility and Evaluative Control

Describing the emotional states that are expressed in speech

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