“…To avoid the interaction with the innate immune cells, nanoparticles are coated with a bio-polymer, such as PEG, that keeps them from being recognized and cleared by the mononuclear phagocyte system. 6 PEG functionalization is used in a wide range of nanomedical applications due to its flexible structure, non-reactivity, low toxicity 103 , 104 and solubility in water 104 – 107 and polar and nonpolar solvents 51 , 105 such as tetrahydrofuran, chloroform, dimethylsulfoxide 105 or methanol. 105 , 106 PEG is a hydrophilic polymer 106 – 111 with terminal hydroxyl groups 106 that covalently attach to the nanoparticles’ surface and form a protective shell, which inhibits the binding of serum proteins to the liposome, 112 increasing liposome circulation time, 49 , 109 preventing particle aggregation and protecting the liposomes from opsonization and the mononuclear phagocyte system.…”