The Assembly of C60 in Semicrystalline PLLA Matrix

Abstract

It has increasingly become a research focus to build higher structure composed of C60. However, there has been very few reports on the influence of polymer addition on the self-assembling behavior of fullerene in organic solvents. In this research, big needle-like C60 assemblings have been obtained in the form of PLLA/C60 composites. The largest C60 needles can be observed by naked eyes. The amount of C60 in the composite influences the length of C60 needles to some extent. DSC results indicate C60 accelerates the crystallization and lift the relative crystallinity of PLLA matrix. the results also imply the addition of semicrystalline PLLA influence the assembling behavior of C60. i.e., the crystallization of PLLA accelerated by C60 also act a driving force for the enriching and the linear assembling of C60 in PLLA matrix via Van der Waals force.

Structural, optical, and conductive properties of a poly(styrene)‐b‐poly(thiophene) copolymer doped with fullerenes under different conditions

“…Results are similar for the roughness parameter, leading to the conclusion that roughness 44 and aggregation are enhanced by increasing the fullerene concentration (especially for variable time and different annealing temperatures, roughness is also increased as reported in the literature 40,41 ). Roughness is increased through solvent polarity.…”

“…In Figure 2, OM images of 2 and 5 wt % of From Figure 2(c,d), it can be observed that for samples with 5 wt % in C 60 , some crystalline domains were generated ascribed to the increased fullerene content and their crystalline nature. [37][38][39][40][41] In contradiction, at room temperature the crystalline phase of the fullerenes affected the overall macrophase separation for these systems. 23 Systems containing fullerene derivatives and poly(thiophene) as the basic polymer conduc-tive material exhibited crystallinity for both components.…”

“…Table II summarizes the obtained structures For samples with higher C 60 concentration and thermal treatment, a 2D network is formed with needle-shape aggregated domains which, unfortunately, led to low device performance. [37][38][39][40][41] At higher temperatures, fullerene can diffuse inside the film and, together with poly(thiophene) mobility, crystalline domains can be created with the fullerenes being shaped as needles. 38,39 The needle like shape crystals appeared to be more evident at higher temperatures and were transferred on to the air surface, thus resulting to larger needles.…”

Physical Properties, Crystallization, and Thermal/Hydrolytic Degradation of Poly(L‐lactide)/Nano/Micro‐Diamond Composites

“…Composite formation with nano‐structured fillers is one of the most effective and promising method for improving mechanical properties and thermal/hydrolytic degradation‐resistance of poly(lactic acid) (PLA)‐based materials 13, 14. Of the additives, carbon‐based nano‐structured fillers such as fullerene,15–18 single‐wall carbon nanotube (SWCNT) 16, 19–21. multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT),22–29 and graphene 30–39 are intensively investigated to improve mechanical properties 21, 25, 32, 38 and thermal/hydrolytic degradation‐resistance of PLA‐based materials 16, 20, 27, 32, 34, 39, 40 and to manipulate their hydrolytic degradation behavior.…”

“…multi‐wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT),22–29 and graphene 30–39 are intensively investigated to improve mechanical properties 21, 25, 32, 38 and thermal/hydrolytic degradation‐resistance of PLA‐based materials 16, 20, 27, 32, 34, 39, 40 and to manipulate their hydrolytic degradation behavior. The carbon‐based nano‐structured fillers are known to increase the conductivity 16, 19, 24, 26–28, 38, 39 and accelerate the crystallization of PLLA,15–19, 23, 27, 30, 31, 33, 35, 37–39 which will elevate the crystallinity and thereby the thermal stability of PLA‐based materials, in addition to the effects of incorporated high hardness fillers. Moreover, carbon‐based nano‐structured fillers were utilized to give PLA‐based materials other functionalities such as sensors for volatile organic compounds,28 increased flame retardancy,31 accelerated bone regeneration,29 and increased biocompatibility 36…”