The asian development bank's role in promoting cleaner production in the people's republic of china

Environment and Modernity in Transitional China: Frontiers of Ecological Modernization

“…Between 1991 and 1995 US$ 1.2 billion in foreign capital was invested in environmental protection in China (Vermeer, 1998: 953). More recently, China has become an object of considerable international attention as well as environmental funding, via several MEAs and multilateral institutions such as the World Bank, the Global Environmental Facility (GEF), the Asian Development Bank (Huq et al, 1999) and the United Nations Environment Programme. By the end of the 1990s the World Bank and the Asian Development Bank together were providing US$ 800 million on environmental loans to China annually.…”

The spatio-temporal approach to regional analysis on cleaner production in China

“…For more than 20-year development, the legal system and technical framework of CP have been gradually improved and perfected through numerous pilot studies, demonstration projects and practices, all over the country. Resulted from several factors, including internal and external barriers (for example, policy and market aspect, financial and economic aspect, technical and information aspect, and management and organization aspect), several deficiencies, defects, and shortcomings have also emerged along with some remarkable achievements [5][6][7][8]. In addition, various regional approaches for CP implementation have evolved, due to local peculiarities and disparities, and regional differences [9].…”

Towards sustainability: Objectives, strategies and barriers for cleaner production in China

“…a reduction rate ranging from 7% to 49% (Ren 1998). CP implementation in Hefei Chemical Works reduced the COD in effluent from 142 to 35 mg/L; phosphorus from 0.94 to 0.1 mg/L; total nitrogen from 11 to 9 mg/L; and vinyl chloride monomer from 0.16 to 0.1 mg/L (Huq et al 1999). In enterprises across the country, the adoption and implementation of CP methodologies has led to cuts in pollutant emissions in audited plants of 20% to 50%, and production cost savings of 20% to 50% (Wang 1999).…”