The artificial kidney

Kolff, W J; Berk, Howard; Welle, M ter; Ley, A.; Dijk, E C van; Noordwijk, Jacob van

doi:10.1681/asn.v8121959

Cited by 55 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Technological advances that ushered in the era of contemporary ECMO began with the oxygenation of blood as it flowed through an artificial cistern. Kolf and Berk observed that the gas contents of blood approximated those of aerated dialysate across a cellophane tube [3]. This led to research on biomaterials with the hope of identifying materials with optimum gas exchange and mechanical properties.…”

Section: History Of Ecmomentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use in Heart Transplantation

Peter Echieh,

Hooker

2024

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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Extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) use in patients both pre and post heart transplantation has become a life-saving tool in the armamentarium for physicians. Early developments in perfusion were hindered by the challenges of coagulation. Technological advances leading to contemporary management of ECMO began with the oxygenation of blood circulating through an artificial cistern. VA ECMO provides mechanical circulatory support (MCS) to patients not responding to medical treatment with primary cardiac dysfunction or combined respiratory and cardiac dysfunction failure. Management of the patient on ECMO is complex and involves multidisciplinary daily input from cardiology, cardiac surgery, and intensivist with ECMO specialization. Indications for ECMO use in heart transplantation include bridge to decision, bridge to transplant, rescue from PGD, and management of vasoplegia. The use of ECMO pre transplant has increased in the United States since the heart allocation changes implemented in 2018. Outcomes utilizing ECMO in pre and post heart transplant patients appear to be improving worldwide.

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Section: History Of Ecmomentioning

confidence: 99%

Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation (ECMO) Use in Heart Transplantation

Peter Echieh,

Hooker

2024

Cardiology and Cardiovascular Medicine

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“…Willem Kolff, a Dutch physician working in a small hospital in the Netherlands, was well aware that urea and creatinine concentrations were elevated in patients who presented with the clinical findings designated as "uremia", and that some of these "toxins" were small enough to pass across a semi-permeable membrane. Although aware of previous failures, Kolff proceeded to design a dialyzer that he used to treat patients with uremia [12,13]. Based upon initial data, he calculated how long a treatment would be required to remove sufficient urea to return blood concentrations to substantially lower levels.…”

Section: The Impact Of Hemodialysis On the Concept Of Uremic Toxicitymentioning

confidence: 99%

The Evolving View of Uremic Toxicity

Meijers

Lowenstein

2022

Toxins

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Indoxyl sulfate, closely related to indigo, a dye valued for it binding to cloth, has been recognized as a protein-bound solute bound to albumin, present in increased concentration in the serum of patients with impaired glomerular filtration (13). The early studies of Niwa identified indoxyl sulfate as a toxin capable of accelerating the rate of renal damage in subtotal nephrectomized rats (18). Over the past decade other protein-bound solutes have been identified in the plasma of patients with impaired glomerular filtration. Although the early studies, focused on the kidney, identified indoxyl sulfate as a toxic waste product dependent on the kidney for its removal, subsequent observations have identified organic anion transporters on many non-renal tissue, leading to the view that indoxyl sulfate is part of a systemic signaling system.

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“…In 1944, Kolff and Berk successfully used artificial kidneys for the first time. 15 Then, in 1960, Loeb and Sourirajan developed an asymmetric cellulose acetate reverse osmosis membrane, which has historical significance and was an important breakthrough in the development of membrane separation technology; specifically, this advancement brought membrane separation technology into an era of large-scale industrial application. 16 After half a century of continuous development, membrane technology has made significant progress.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%