The artifacts of human physical motions on vital signs monitoring

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Sensors

Non-invasive remote health monitoring plays a vital role in epidemiological situations such as SARS outbreak (2003), MERS (2015) and the recently ongoing outbreak of COVID-19 because it is extremely risky to get close to the patient due to the spread of contagious infections. Non-invasive monitoring is also extremely necessary in situations where it is difficult to use complicated wired connections, such as ECG monitoring for infants, burn victims or during rescue missions when people are buried during building collapses/earthquakes. Due to the unique characteristics such as higher penetration capabilities, extremely precise ranging, low power requirement, low cost, simple hardware and robustness to multipath interferences, Impulse Radio Ultra Wideband (IR-UWB) technology is appropriate for non-invasive medical applications. IR-UWB sensors detect the macro as well as micro movement inside the human body due to its fine range resolution. The two vital signs, i.e., respiration rate and heart rate, can be measured by IR-UWB radar by measuring the change in the magnitude of signal due to displacement caused by human lungs, heart during respiration and heart beating. This paper reviews recent advances in IR-UWB radar sensor design for healthcare, such as vital signs measurements of a stationary human, vitals of a non-stationary human, vital signs of people in a vehicle, through the wall vitals measurement, neonate's health monitoring, fall detection, sleep monitoring and medical imaging. Although we have covered many topics related to health monitoring using IR-UWB, this paper is mainly focused on signal processing techniques for measurement of vital signs, i.e., respiration and heart rate monitoring.

Section: Vital Signs Of a Non-stationary Subjectmentioning

confidence: 99%

An Overview of Signal Processing Techniques for Remote Health Monitoring Using Impulse Radio UWB Transceiver

Ghaffar

et al. 2020

Sensors

IEEE Circuits Syst. Mag.

“…CW [1], [3], [8], [20], [21], [22], [23], [24], [25], [26], [27], [28], [29], [30], [31], [32], [33], [34], [35] UWB-IR [2], [10], [21], [36], [37], [38], [39], [4], [40], [41], [42], [43], [44], [45], [46], [47], [48], [49], [50] FMCW [8], [7], [51], [52], [53], [54], SFCW [2], [9], [55], [56], [57] [58] A. CW Radar The authors in [1] used a CW Doppler and a pulse radar to wirelessly detect heart signal and breathing signal. Several sources of signal distortion were also...…”

Section: Radar Type Referencementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Meanwhile, the effects of speech and hand movements on the measurement of respiration signal using an UWB radar was studied in [39]. It can be observed that the noise from these activities affected the accuracy of the target signal.…”

Section: B Uwb Impulse Radarmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The classification of literature based on the processing platform is particularly useful when determining specific platforms for the implementation of different algorithms. [20], [22], [23], [25], [26], [28], [37], [35], [7], [38], [39], [55], [56], [57], [70], [71] FPGA [2], [21], [31], [54], [40], [43], [44], [45], [49], [62], [72], [73], [74], [75], [76] FPGA (not specifically for vital sign detection) [52], [53], [68], [77], [78], [79], [80], [81], [82], [83], [84] SoC [42] DSP [30] FPGA-GPU [69] PC-microcontroller [29], [27] DSP-microcontroller…”

Section: Processing Platforms For Vital Sign Detectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

A Survey on Vital Signs Detection Using Radar Techniques and Processing With FPGA Implementation

Obadi

Soh

Aldayel

et al. 2021

This paper presents a survey of the state-of-the-art advances in human vital signs detection using radar sensors, their integration and coexistence with communication systems, and their issues in spectrum sharing. The focus of this survey is to review the detection, monitoring, and tracking of vital signs, specifically the respiration rate and heartbeat rate over the recent five years. It is observed that in line with technological advancements, a multitude of radar types operating in a diverse frequency spectra have been introduced with different hardware implementations, considering various detection scenarios, and applying multiple signal processing algorithms. The aim of these researches varies, from enhancing the detection accuracy, improving the processing speed, reducing the power consumption, simplifying the hardware used, lowering implementation costs, and the combinations of them. Besides that, this review also focuses on literature aimed at increasing the detection accuracy and reducing the processing time using FPGAs, prior to benchmarking them against other processing platforms. Finally, a perspective on the future of human vital signs detection using radar sensors concludes this review.

“…The human chest exhibits periodic movement, as shown by ( 6) and (7), and will induce the shift of the signal along the slow-time domain. From [22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39], the vital sign spectrum Y(t 0 ,f ) is defined as the Fourier transform of the received signal in its slow-time domain that is…”

Section: Detection Block Diagrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimal Central Frequency for Non-Contact Vital Sign Detection Using Monocycle UWB Radar

Rittiplang

Phasukkit

Orankitanun³

2020

Sensors

Ultra-wideband (UWB) radar has become a critical remote-sensing tool for non-contact vital sign detection such as emergency rescues, securities, and biomedicines. Theoretically, the magnitude of the received reflected signal is dependent on the central frequency of mono-pulse waveform used as the transmitted signal. The research is based on the hypothesis that the stronger the received reflected signals, the greater the detectability of life signals. In this paper, we derive a new formula to compute the optimal central frequency to obtain as maximum received reflect signal as possible over the frequency up to the lower range of Ka-band. The proposed formula can be applicable in the optimization of hardware for UWB life detection and non-contact monitoring of vital signs. Furthermore, the vital sign detection results obtained by the UWB radar over a range of central frequency have been compared to those of the former continuous (CW) radar to provide additional information regarding the advantages and disadvantages of each radar.