The arthritic glenoid: anatomy and arthroplasty designs

Knowles, Nikolas K.; Ferreira, Louis M.; Athwal, George S.

doi:10.1007/s12178-016-9314-2

Cited by 12 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Several terms have been used to describe the relationship of the humeral head to the glenoid fossa in the axial plane, including "subluxation" 7,9,10,12, , "centering and/or decentering" 11,[38][39][40][41] , "humeral-glenoid alignment" 13,[42][43][44][45][46] , and "concentric and/or eccentric." 22,47,48 Several terms have been used to describe the relationship of the humeral head to the body of the scapula, including "subluxation" 4,12,14,17,23,24,28,33,34,[49][50][51][52][53][54][55][56][57][58][59][60] and "humeral-scapular alignment." 36,[42][43][44][45][46]61,62 The use of the term "sublux-ation" refer to 2 completely different scapular references (the glenoid and the body) has led to confusion in the understanding, evaluation, and management of the arthritic shoulder.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subluxation in the Arthritic Shoulder

Matsen

Hsu²

2021

JBJS Reviews

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The term “subluxation” means partial separation of the joint surfaces. In the arthritic shoulder, “arthritic glenohumeral subluxation” refers to displacement of the humeral head on the surface of the glenoid.The degree of arthritic glenohumeral subluxation can be measured using radiography with standardized axillary views or computed tomography (CT).Shoulders with a type-B1 or B2 glenoid may show more posterior subluxation on an axillary radiograph that is made with the arm in an elevated position than on a CT scan that is made with the arm at the side.The degree of arthritic glenohumeral subluxation is not closely related to glenoid retroversion.The position of the humeral head with respect to the plane of the scapula is related to glenoid retroversion and is not a measure of glenohumeral subluxation.Studies measuring glenohumeral subluxation before and after arthroplasty should clarify its importance to the clinical outcomes of shoulder reconstruction.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Subluxation in the Arthritic Shoulder

Matsen

Hsu²

2021

JBJS Reviews

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“…This arthritic triad (glenoid biconcavity, acquired glenoid retroversion, and humeral head posterior subluxation) presents a significant challenge to address in shoulder arthroplasty. 16 Walch's original description of the B2 noted a "posterior cupula" giving the biconcave appearance along with an average glenoid retroversion of 23.4 for the B2 and mean posterior humeral head subluxation of 59% for B-type glenoids overall (B1 and B2) when measured relative to the center of the glenoid. Walch felt that subluxation of the humeral head explained the posterior glenoid erosion, which was supported by the symmetric and central erosion of type A glenoids with an absence of subluxation.…”

Section: The B2 Glenoid: the Biconcave Glenoidmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This arthritic triad (glenoid biconcavity, acquired glenoid retroversion, and humeral head posterior subluxation) presents a significant challenge to address in shoulder arthroplasty. 16 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Imaging of the B2 Glenoid: An Assessment of Glenoid Wear

Mahylis

Entezari

Jun

et al. 2019

Journal of Shoulder and Elbow Arthroplasty

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Background: Glenohumeral osteoarthritis (OA) carries a spectrum of morphology and wear patterns of the glenoid surface exemplified by complex patterns such as glenoid biconcavity and acquired retroversion seen in the B2 glenoid. Multiple imaging methods are available for evaluation of the complex glenoid structure seen in B2 glenoids. The purpose of this article is to review imaging assessment of the type B2 glenoid. Methods: The current literature on imaging of the B2 glenoid was reviewed to describe the unique anatomy of this OA variant and how to appropriately assess its characteristics. Results: Plain radiographs, magnetic resonance imaging, and standard 2-dimensional computed tomography (CT) have all shown acceptable assessments of arthritic glenoids but lack the detailed and highly accurate evaluation of bone loss and retroversion seen with 3-dimensional CT. Conclusion: Accurate preoperative identification of complex B2 pathology on imaging remains essential in planning and achieving precise implant placement at the time of shoulder arthroplasty.

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“…Glenoid morphology is a key factor in determining the success of shoulder surgery (Walch et al, 1999;Knowles et al, 2016). To date, no study of the glenoid morphology measuring both size and orientation has been performed in the Chilean population.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Glenoid size and Orientation in the Chilean Population

et al. 2020

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Glenoid morphology is a key factor in determining the success of shoulder surgery. The purpose of this experimental study was to precisely determine the anatomical size and orientation of the glenoid in the Chilean population. 122 CT scans from asymptomatic Chilean patients were obtained. The mean age was 43.8 years (SD 12.3; range, 17-53 years) with 63 female and 59 male patients. For each of the scapulae, were obtained the glenoid version and inclination, maximum glenoid width and height, superior glenoid width, glenoid surface area, glenoid vault depth, and maximum scapular width. The glenoid size showed an average width of 26 ± 2.7 mm, a height of 40.3 ± 3.5 mm and a vault depth of 26.5 ± 3.7 mm. There were significant differences between men and women. The glenoid orientation showed an average of -13.9 ± 4.8° of retroversion and a superior inclination of 11.1 ± 4.7°. Significant differences between men and women were seen only for version. We conclude, that in this Chilean sample the morphological parameters of the glenoid correspond to the published literature, however, some characteristics in this cohort must be further confirmed using other methods.

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The arthritic glenoid: anatomy and arthroplasty designs

Cited by 12 publications

References 67 publications

Subluxation in the Arthritic Shoulder

Subluxation in the Arthritic Shoulder

Imaging of the B2 Glenoid: An Assessment of Glenoid Wear

Glenoid size and Orientation in the Chilean Population

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