However, throughout the colonial and apartheid periods, there were men and women living in the rural black homelands who produced objects, often representations of people and animals, in a variety of media, for a variety of purposes, but often simply for their own sakes, i.e., as artworks. Some were based in forms that could be considered "traditional" in that they were passed down from one generation to another, sometimes for ceremonies that owed nothing to colonial or settler influence. Others, however transcended any "traditional" or historical connections to a