The ART clock: Temporal limits to assisted reproduction

Abstract

This is a PDF file of an article that has undergone enhancements after acceptance, such as the addition of a cover page and metadata, and formatting for readability, but it is not yet the definitive version of record. This version will undergo additional copyediting, typesetting and review before it is published in its final form, but we are providing this version to give early visibility of the article. Please note that, during the production process, errors may be discovered which could affect the content, and all legal disclaimers that apply to the journal pertain.

Inequalities in (trans)national surrogacy: A call for examining complex lived realities with an empirical lens

“…However, comparing these two important centers of the global surrogacy industry provides interesting evidence to counter the usual assumptions about surrogacy as described in much of the non-ethnographic literature and in the media. Our argument developed out of our readings of the growing body of empirical research on surrogacy in the sociological and anthropological qualitative and ethnographic tradition (Berend, 2016;Deomampo, 2016;Jadva et al, 2015;Majumdar, 2017;Olavarría, 2018;Pande, 2014;Ragoné, 1994;Rudrappa, 2015;Teman, 2010) including our own studies conducted in the United States and in India (Jacobson, 2016(Jacobson, , 2018(Jacobson, , 2021(Jacobson, , 2022Rozée, 2018;Rozée, Unisa, La Rochebrochard, 2019, 2020.…”

“…It is important to report the experiences and understandings of the actual participants, to consider their personal (intimate) histories (Deomampo, 2013) and their "way of making sense of surrogacy" (Berend, 2016: 2). This has been central to our empirical research on surrogacy to date (Jacobson, 2016(Jacobson, , 2018(Jacobson, , 2021(Jacobson, , 2022Rozée, 2018;Rozée, Unisa, La Rochebrochard, 2019, 2020.…”

“…Reproductive labor may be a survival strategy, shaped by economic precarity, but it may also be an opportunity for women to strategically improve their living conditions-or, additionally, it may be an experience women frame as one they desire, as found in empirical studies of US surrogates (Berend, 2016;Jacobson, 2016Jacobson, , 2021Jacobson, , 2022Ziff, 2019). The motivations and experiences of surrogates is an empirical question and demands empirical research.…”

“…The empirical research on surrogacy in the United States presents multiple motivations and nuanced experiences of surrogates as they labor to gestate and bear children for others. Surrogates in these studies overwhelmingly state that they engage in surrogacy due to their interest in helping others, their desire to assist their families financially, and their love of pregnancy and birth (Berend, 2016;Jacobson, 2016Jacobson, , 2022Ziff, 2017). Similar to the surrogates in the second author's study, they have not framed their surrogate labor as a matter of survival.…”