The Arsenal of Bioactive Molecules in the Skin Secretion of Urodele Amphibians

Hamed, Abdelaaty; Marani, Mariela M.; Moreira, Daniel C.; Eaton, Peter; Plácido, Alexandra; Kato, Massuo Jorge; Leite, J. R.

doi:10.3389/fphar.2021.810821

Cited by 6 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 79 publications

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“…Salamandra skin poison is composed of multiple compounds [ 73 ], including different alkaloids [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Toxic and Venomous Species Involved In Domestic Animal Poiso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Nagy,

Ardelean,

Chapuis

et al. 2024

Toxins

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Zootoxins are produced by venomous and poisonous species and are an important cause of poisoning in companion animals and livestock in Europe. Little information about the incidence of zootoxin poisoning is available in Europe, with only a few case reports and review papers being published. This review presents the most important zootoxins produced by European venomous and poisonous animal species responsible for poisoning episodes in companion animals and livestock. The main zootoxin-producing animal species, components of the toxins/venoms and their clinical effects are presented. The most common zootoxicoses involve terrestrial zootoxins excreted by the common toad, the fire salamander, the pine processionary caterpillar, and vipers. The lack of a centralized reporting/poison control system in Europe makes the evaluation of the epidemiology of zootoxin-induced poisonings extremely difficult. Even if there are many anecdotal reports in the veterinary community about the exposure of domestic animals to terrestrial and marine zootoxins, the number of published papers regarding these toxicoses is low. Climate change and its consequences regarding species distribution and human-mediated transportation are responsible for the emerging nature of some intoxications in which zootoxins are involved. Although new venomous or poisonous animal species have emerged in regions where they were previously unreported, zootoxins produced by native species remain the main concern in Europe. The diversity of poisonous and venomous animal species and the emerging nature of certain poisonings warrant the continuous update to such knowledge by veterinary professionals and animal owners. This review offers an overview about zootoxin-related poisonings in domestic animals in Europe and also provides important information from a health perspective.

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“…Salamandra skin poison is composed of multiple compounds [ 73 ], including different alkaloids [ 74 , 75 ].…”

Section: Toxic and Venomous Species Involved In Domestic Animal Poiso...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Nagy,

Ardelean,

Chapuis

et al. 2024

Toxins

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…Amphibian skin glands are primarily divided into granular and mucous glands. Granular glands exist as a dispersion in the dermis and are the sites of compound formation and release ( Barros et al, 2021 ; Liu et al, 2021 ) ( Figure 1 ). These glands help resist predator attack by causing pain and aversion, and play an important role in fighting bacterial and microbial infections ( Barros et al, 2021 ).…”

Section: Amphibian Skin Structurementioning

confidence: 99%

Amphibian-derived wound healing peptides: chemical molecular treasure trove for skin wound treatment

Yin,

Wang,

Yang

2023

Front. Pharmacol.

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Amphibian-derived wound healing peptides thus offer new intervention measures and strategies for skin wound tissue regeneration. As novel drug lead molecules, wound healing peptides can help analyze new mechanisms and discover new drug targets. Previous studies have identified various novel wound healing peptides and analyzed novel mechanisms in wound healing, especially competing endogenous RNAs (ceRNAs) (e.g., inhibition of miR-663a promotes skin repair). In this paper, we review amphibian-derived wound healing peptides, including the acquisition, identification, and activity of peptides, a combination of peptides with other materials, and the analysis of underlying mechanisms, to better understand the characteristics of wound healing peptides and to provide a molecular template for the development of new wound repair drugs.

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“…To date, dermal swabs have been used in amphibians for DNA collection (Prunier et al, 2012) and disease profiling for two chytridiomycosis species: Batrachochytrium dendrobatidis (Bd) and Batrachochytrium salamandrivorans (Bsal), as well as frogvirus 3-like ranavirus (FV3; Standish et al, 2018). Mucosal sampling has been validated as a viable technique for metabolomic profiling in fish (Ekman et al, 2015), as well as peptide (reviewed in Barros et al, 2022), amino acid (Dejing, 2010;Rickrode et al, 1986), and transcriptomic analyses in amphibians (Zhu et al, 2022(Zhu et al, , 2023. However, a comparison of the metabolomic profile from full-body dermal swabs relative to hepatic tissue samples among amphibians following exposure to a chemical stressor has not yet been published.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Validation of Salamander Dermal Mucus Swabs as a Novel, Nonlethal Approach for Amphibian Metabolomics and Glutathione Analysis Following Pesticide Exposure

Van Meter,

Glinski,

Wanat

et al. 2024

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Evaluating biomarkers of stress in amphibians is critical to conservation, yet current techniques are often destructive and/or time‐consuming, which limits ease of use. In the present study, we validate the use of dermal swabs in spotted salamanders (Ambystoma maculatum) for biochemical profiling, as well as glutathione (GSH) stress response following pesticide exposure. Thirty‐three purchased spotted salamanders were acclimated to laboratory conditions at Washington College (Chestertown, MD, USA) for 4 weeks. Following acclimation, salamanders were randomly sorted into three groups for an 8‐h pesticide exposure on soil: control with no pesticide, 2,4‐dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2,4‐D), or chlorpyrifos. Before and after exposure, mucus samples were obtained by gently rubbing a polyester‐tipped swab 50 times across the ventral and dorsal surfaces. Salamanders were humanely euthanized and dissected to remove the brain for acetylcholinesterase and liver for GSH and hepatic metabolome analyses, and a whole‐body tissue homogenate was used for pesticide quantification. Levels of GSH were present in lower quantities on dermal swabs relative to liver tissues for chlorpyrifos, 2,4‐D, and control treatments. However, 2,4‐D exposures demonstrated a large effect size increase for GSH levels in livers (Cohen's d = 0.925, p = 0.036). Other GSH increases were statistically insignificant, and effect sizes were characterized as small for 2,4‐D mucosal swabs (d = 0.36), medium for chlorpyrifos mucosal swabs (d = 0.713), and negligible for chlorpyrifos liver levels (d = 0.012). The metabolomics analyses indicated that the urea cycle, alanine, and glutamate metabolism biological pathways were perturbed by both sets of pesticide exposures. Obtaining mucus samples through dermal swabbing in amphibians is a viable technique for evaluating health in these imperiled taxa. Environ Toxicol Chem 2024;00:1–12. © 2024 SETAC

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The Arsenal of Bioactive Molecules in the Skin Secretion of Urodele Amphibians

Cited by 6 publications

References 79 publications

Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Zootoxins and Domestic Animals: A European View

Amphibian-derived wound healing peptides: chemical molecular treasure trove for skin wound treatment

Validation of Salamander Dermal Mucus Swabs as a Novel, Nonlethal Approach for Amphibian Metabolomics and Glutathione Analysis Following Pesticide Exposure

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