The arrow of time, black holes, and quantum mixing of large<i>N</i>Yang-Mills theories

We describe the experience of an observer falling into a black hole using the AdS/CFT correspondence. In order to do this, we reconstruct the local bulk operators measured by the observer along his trajectory outside the black hole. We then extend our construction beyond the black hole horizon. We show that this is possible because of an effective doubling of the observables in the boundary theory, when it is in a pure state that is close to the thermal state. Our construction allows us to rephrase questions about information-loss and the structure of the metric at the horizon in terms of more familiar CFT correlators. It suggests that to precisely identify black-hole microstates, the observer would need to conduct measurements to an accuracy of e −S BH . This appears to be inconsistent with the "fuzzball" proposal, and other recent proposals in which pure states in the ensemble of the black hole are represented by macroscopically distinct geometries. Furthermore, our description of the black hole interior in terms of CFT operators provides a natural realization of black hole complementarity and a method of preserving unitarity without "firewalls."

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“…So even after coarse graining, the allowed values of ω seem to take effectively a continuous spectrum. See also the discussion in [55].…”

Section: Jhep10(2013)212mentioning

confidence: 97%

An infalling observer in AdS/CFT

Papadodimas

Raju

2013

J. High Energ. Phys.

346

593

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“…On the field theory side, one thus has the statement that, to all orders in 1/N , the two-point function decays to JHEP05(2016)048 Figure 1. The basic graphical unit of the Hamiltonian (2.2) studied in [4]. i i j Figure 2.…”

Section: Thermalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This late time breakdown of perturbation theory was studied in the context of matrix quantum mechanics in [4]. Reducing Yang-Mills on a sphere in terms of spherical harmonics, one obtains a Hamiltonian whose essential features can be captured by considering just two interacting matrices.…”

Section: Thermalizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Four-point function in the IOP matrix model

Michel

Polchinski

Rosenhaus

et al. 2016

J. High Energ. Phys.

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The IOP model is a quantum mechanical system of a large-N matrix oscillator and a fundamental oscillator, coupled through a quartic interaction. It was introduced previously as a toy model of the gauge dual of an AdS black hole, and captures a key property that at infinite N the two-point function decays to zero on long time scales. Motivated by recent work on quantum chaos, we sum all planar Feynman diagrams contributing to the four-point function. We find that the IOP model does not satisfy the more refined criteria of exponential growth of the out-of-time-order four-point function.

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“…Usually, simple, weakly coupled physical states in string theory are associated with gauge invariant composite operators of low dimension in the boundary field theory, rather than with the underlying DOF. The high temperature free energy is dominated by operators of very high dimension, which have dense spectrum of dimensions corresponding to the spectrum of a chaotic Hamiltonian [32]. Furthermore, as we will see in a moment, a typical theory with a large number of almost free fields cannot have a c.c.…”

Section: Ads/cftmentioning

confidence: 93%