The arctic fox in fennoscandia and Iceland: Management problems

Hersteinsson, Páll; Angerbjörn, Anders; Frafjord, Karl; Kaikusalo, Asko

doi:10.1016/0006-3207(89)90113-4

Cited by 115 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…Likewise, the Icelandic Black-tailed Godwit (Limosa limosa islandica) population has rapidly increased through a believed improvement in climatic conditions and habitat leading to larger and better quality breeding and foraging areas [34]. However, it should also be noted that Iceland has only one mammal predator, the Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) [107], and only one corvid species, the Raven [108].…”

Section: Birds Of Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study

et al. 2016

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Abstract:Biosphere Reserves aim at being role models for biodiversity conservation. This study focuses on the unsuccessful conservation of waders (Charadrii) on wet grasslands in the Kristianstad Vattenrike Biosphere Reserve (KVBR) in southern Sweden. Predation on nests and young has been proposed as one reason contributing to the decline of waders. We explored this hypothesis by comparing two landscapes, one with declining (KVBR) and one with stable (Östergötland) wader populations on managed wet grasslands in southern Sweden. Specifically, we tested three predictions linked to predation on wader nests and young, namely that (1) the relative abundance of avian predators and waders; (2) the avian predator abundance; and (3) the predation rate on artificial wader nests, should all be higher in declining versus stable populations. All predictions were clearly supported. Nevertheless, predation may not be the ultimate factor causing wader population declines. We discuss the cumulative effects of landscape change linked to increased food resources for predators, reduced wet grassland patch size and quality. Holistic analyses of multiple wet grassland landscapes as social-ecological systems as case studies, including processes such as predation and other factors affecting waders, is a promising avenue towards collaborative learning for wet grasslands as a functional green infrastructure. However, if governance and management approaches can be improved is questionable without considerable investment in both ecological and social systems.

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Section: Birds Of Preymentioning

confidence: 99%

Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study

et al. 2016

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“…It is likely, therefore, that a large number of suitable den sites is required for an area to support high densities of these species. If the choice of den sites is restricted by competition from, or the need to avoid, introduced predators, this could have a marked effect on the population densities of quolls, as was the case for the arctic fox (Alopex lagopus) following invasion of its range by red foxes (Hersteinsson et al, 1989 ;Kaikusalo & Angerbjörn, 1995).…”

Section: Evidence For Interactions (1 ) Interactions Between Natmentioning

confidence: 99%

Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management

2005

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Mammalian carnivore populations are often intensively managed, either because the carnivore in question is endangered, or because it is viewed as a pest and is subjected to control measures, or both. Most management programmes treat carnivore species in isolation. However, there is a large and emerging body of evidence to demonstrate that populations of different carnivores interact with each other in a variety of complex ways. Thus, the removal or introduction of predators to or from a system can often affect other species in ways that are difficult to predict. Wildlife managers must consider such interactions when planning predator control programmes. Integrated predator control will require a greater understanding of the complex relationships between species.In many parts of the world, sympatric species of carnivores have coexisted over an evolutionary time scale so that niche differentiation has occurred, and competition is difficult to observe. Australia has experienced numerous introductions during the past 200 years, including those of the red fox (Vulpes vulpes) and the feral cat (Felis catus). These species now exist in sympatry with native mammalian predators, providing ecologists with the opportunity to study their interactions without the confounding effects of coevolution.Despite an increasing body of observational evidence for complex interactions among native and introduced predators in Australia, few studies have attempted to clarify these relationships experimentally, and the interactions remain largely unacknowledged. A greater understanding of these interactions would provide ecologists and wildlife managers world-wide with the ability to construct robust predictive models of carnivore communities, and to identify their broader effects on ecosystem functioning. We suggest that future research should focus on controlled and replicated predator removal or addition experiments. The dingo (Canis lupus dingo), as a likely keystone species, should be a particular focus of attention.

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“…There is limited information about when the contraction began in different regions, although MacPherson (1964) reported red foxes on Baffin Island in Canada in 1918. However, within the last 30 years, the contraction of the Arctic fox's range has been extensive enough in the subarctic alpine tundra in Fennoscandia to prompt concern (Hersteinsson et al, 1989;Frafjord, 2003;Herfindal et al, 2010) and to instigate an analysis of the geographical changes across Arctic Canada (Hersteinsson and Macdonald, 1992;Gallant et al, 2012). In both regions, the shifts in distribution of the two fox species have since been considered as part of a suite of physical and biological alterations related to both climate change and increased human activity (Hersteinsson and Macdonald, 1992;Walther et al, 2002;Fuglei and Ims, 2008;Post et al, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Shifts in Fox Den Occupancy in the Greater Prudhoe Bay Area, Alaska

Stickney¹,

Obritschkewitsch²,

Burgess³

2014

ARCTIC

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ABSTRACT. Although shifts in the distribution of red foxes into areas previously dominated by Arctic foxes have been documented over wide areas of the circumpolar North, no such documentation exists yet for the Alaskan Arctic. Fox research in the greater Prudhoe Bay area from the 1970s through the early 1990s focused primarily on Arctic foxes in relation to oil development because red foxes were uncommon. A monitoring program in 2005 -12 included annual surveys of 31 -48 fox dens within 2 km of the road system. In 2005, 2006, and 2008, Arctic fox dens outnumbered those of red foxes, but from 2010 onward, the reverse was true. There is greater distance between natal dens of Arctic foxes and those of red foxes than between natal dens within each species, suggesting that Arctic foxes avoid red fox denning territories. Of dens in our study that were used by Arctic foxes prior to 2005, 50% have since been occupied by red foxes. Red foxes displaced Arctic foxes from dens closest to oil field camps, pads, and other facilities, and preyed on their pups. Access to anthropogenic food sources probably supports red foxes in the area. Predictions from climate change studies indicate the displacement of Arctic foxes by red foxes will continue in the Alaskan Arctic, although the change may be slower away from areas of human occupation and anthropogenic foods.Key words: Arctic fox, red fox, den occupancy, interference competition, anthropogenic food sources, climate change RÉSUMÉ. Malgré que des changements sur le plan de la répartition du renard roux dans des régions qui étaient auparavant dominées par le renard arctique aient été répertoriés dans une grande partie du Nord circumpolaire, ce n'est pas encore le cas de l'Arctique alaskien. L'étude des renards de la grande région de la baie Prudhoe, des années 1970 jusqu'au début des années 1990, portait principalement sur le renard arctique dans le cadre de la mise en valeur du pétrole, car le renard roux n'était pas courant à ce moment-là. Un programme de surveillance mené à bien de 2005 à 2012 a notamment pris la forme de dénombrements annuels de 31 à 48 tanières de renards dans un rayon de deux kilomètres du réseau routier. En 2005, en 2006 et en 2008, le nombre de tanières de renards arctiques dépassait le nombre de tanières de renards roux, mais à partir de 2010, c'était l'inverse. La distance qui sépare les tanières de mise bas des renards arctiques de celles des renards roux est plus grande que la distance qui sépare les tanières de mise bas au sein de chacune des espèces, ce qui laisse entendre que le renard arctique évite les territoires de mise bas du renard roux. Parmi les tanières visées par notre étude qui étaient utilisées par les renards arctiques avant 2005, 50 % d'entre elles sont depuis occupées par des renards roux. Les renards roux ont supplanté les renards arctiques qui occupaient les tanières situées plus près des campements de champs pétrolifères, des zones tampons et d'autres installations, et ils ont attaqué leurs petits. L'accès aux sources alimentaires...

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The arctic fox in fennoscandia and Iceland: Management problems

Cited by 115 publications

References 4 publications

Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study

Wet Grasslands as a Green Infrastructure for Ecological Sustainability: Wader Conservation in Southern Sweden as a Case Study

Complex interactions among mammalian carnivores in Australia, and their implications for wildlife management

Shifts in Fox Den Occupancy in the Greater Prudhoe Bay Area, Alaska

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