The architecture of the bilingual language faculty: evidence from intrasentential code switching

Abstract

In this article, the author addresses the question of how the mind represents two languages in simultaneous bilingualism. Some linguistic theories of intrasentential code switching are reviewed, with a focus on the Minimalist approach of MacSwan (1999b); the author concludes that evidence from code switching suggests that bilinguals have discrete and separate Lexicons for the languages they speak, each with its own internal principles of word formation, as well as separate phonological systems. However, the author argues that computational resources common to the two languages generate monolingual and bilingual syntactic derivations alike. Advantages of the Minimalist Program for the analysis of code switching data are discussed at some length.

Language Mixing and Diachronic Change: American Norwegian Noun Phrases Then and Now

“…See [1] for discussion of these terms and how they relate to each other. From a formal perspective, there are two main ways of approaching and analyzing language mixing: to posit special constraints to account for mixing data [29,30], or to assume that mixing is constrained by the same principles as monolingual speech [31][32][33][34][35][36][37]. In the literature, the latter approach is referred to as a Null Theory [31] or constraint-free approach to language mixing [33].…”

The Bilingual Lemma Activation Model as a Comparative Approach to Codeswitching

“…For example, Tami/English: Ellaam confused-aa irundadu (Annamalai, 1989, p. 50) is an instance of CS where the English morpheme "confused" is switched into the Tami sentential frame Researchers like Poplack (1980), Joshi (1985), DiSciullo, Muysken and Singh (1986), Appel and Muysken (1987), Gardner-Chloros (1987), Azuma (1991), Myers-Scotton (1993), Grosjean (1997), Myers-Scotton (1997, 2005), MacSwan (2000MacSwan ( , 2009, Wei (2001bWei ( , 2002 have studied the phenomenon of CS from various perspectives. Most studies have focused on the analysis of specific grammatical structures of CS, that is, where in a sentence the speaker may switch from one linguistic variety to another and what linguistic items can be switched.…”

“…This model considers grammaticality judgments as primary data in support of its theoretical assumption (MacSwan, 2000(MacSwan, , 2009 [16] *The students had visto la pelicula italiana.…”

The Syntax of Multi-Word Expressions in Yorulish Code-Mixing

“…These include the motivation for switching between languages (MyersScotton 1993a, Auer 1998), classification of switches (Muysken 2000), psycholinguistic perspectives on code-switching (Green 1998, Treffers-Daller 1998, Toribio 2001, the grammatical basis of code-switching as well as constraints that apply to each pair of mixed languages (Poplack 1980, Bentahila and Davies 1983, Myers-Scotton 1993b, MacSwan 2000, van Gelderen and MacSwan 2008, bilingual children's code-switching (Treffers-Daller 1998, Hoeksema 1990, Carnie 2010, Cantone & Mül-ler 2008, Liceras et al 2008) and code-switching in e-mails (Hinrichs 2006). Many studies have also been carried out on pairs of languages, but very few exist on codeswitching involving more than two languages (Ogechi 2002, Kyuchukov 2002) and, still less are studies on written code-switching especially on virtual speech communities (Montes-Alcala, 2007;Lamidi, 2013).…”