The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links N mineralization to plant demand

Atul-Nayyar, A.; Hamel, Chantal; Hanson, K.; Germida, James J.

doi:10.1007/s00572-008-0215-0

Cited by 136 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…When the fungus had access to organic patches that were labelled with 15 N and 13 C, the fungal ERM got only enriched with 15 N, but not with 13 C. This confirms that AM fungi do not have saprophytic capabilities and that the fungus acquires 15 N from these organic patches likely as a decomposition product [105]. However, even if AM fungi themselves do not act as decomposers, AM fungi accelerate the N mineralization from organic matter [107] and affect the carbon flow through soil microbial communities during decomposition [108].…”

Section: Uptake Of Organic N By Hyphaementioning

confidence: 57%

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Nitrogen Uptake of Plants: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

2015

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Arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi play an essential role for the nutrient uptake of the majority of land plants, including many important crop species. The extraradical mycelium of the fungus takes up nutrients from the soil, transfers these nutrients to the intraradical mycelium within the host root, and exchanges the nutrients against carbon from the host across a specialized plant-fungal interface. The contribution of the AM symbiosis to the phosphate nutrition has long been known, but whether AM fungi contribute similarly to the nitrogen nutrition of their host is still controversially discussed. However, there is a growing body of evidence that demonstrates that AM fungi can actively transfer nitrogen to their host, and that the host plant with its carbon supply stimulates this transport, and that the periarbuscular membrane of the host is able to facilitate the active uptake of nitrogen from the mycorrhizal interface. In this review, our current knowledge about nitrogen transport through the fungal hyphae and across the mycorrhizal interface is summarized, and we discuss the regulation of these pathways and major research gaps.

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Section: Uptake Of Organic N By Hyphaementioning

confidence: 57%

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Nitrogen Uptake of Plants: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

2015

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“…Brassica crops are not mycorrhizal compatible (Brundrett 2009) and their roots usually lack any functional mycorrhizal activity (Glenn et al 1984). It is unknown whether or not the low N mineralization under oilseeds was reflected to a lack of arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis, but Nayyar et al (2009) found positive influences of mycorrhizal activity on soil N mineralization in canola. Maize plants inoculated with vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhizal (VAM) fungi increased root dry matter yield and the amount of N mineralized significantly compared to maize plants without VAM inoculation (Paré et al 2000).…”

Section: Nitrogen Mineralizationmentioning

confidence: 92%

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

et al. 2010

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To understand how pulse and oilseed crops might use nitrogen (N) more efficiently under varying levels of water and N availability in soil, we conducted a 2-year field study to monitor N accumulation in aboveground (AG-N) and root material at five growth stages, for canola (Brassica napus L.), mustard (Brassica juncea L.), chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.), dry pea (Pisum sativum L.) and lentil (Lens culinaris Medicum) alongside spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L.). Crops were grown in lysimeters (15 cm diameter × 100 cm deep) installed in the field in southern Saskatchewan, Canada. AG-N in all crops was greater under high-water than under low-water conditions. In oilseeds and wheat, AG-N increased until flowering then tended to level off, while in pulses it increased gradually to maturity. At maturity, dry pea and wheat had the greatest AG-N and mustard the least. Enhanced water availability increased seed N but did not affect straw N; consequently, N harvest index was greater under high-water than under lowwater conditions. Root N increased until late-flowering or late-pod (dough stage in wheat) then decreased to maturity. Mustard had the lowest root N, chickpea the second lowest, and canola, wheat, dry pea, and lentil the highest. Improved water availability increased root N for oilseeds and wheat but did not affect root N in pulses. At maturity, average root N of oilseeds, pulses, and wheat was 14, 17, and 20 kg ha -1 , respectively. At the seedling stage pulse crops had about 27% of total plant N in their roots, a much greater proportion than for the non-legumes. However, by maturity all crops had about 14% of plant N in their roots. Soil NO 3 -N increased gradually between seedling and maturity in non-legumes but in pulses there was a sharp spike at early flowering. Estimated apparent net N mineralized was similar for wheat and pulse crops which were greater than for canola and mustard. Soil N amounts and temporal change patterns varied substantially among crops evaluated, and these differences need to be considered in the development of diverse cropping Plant Soil (2010) 332:451-461 systems where cereals, legumes, and oilseeds are included in rotation systems.

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“…Available evidence for AM fungal involvement AM fungi assimilate N either exclusively (Tanaka and Yano, 2006) or predominantly (Govindarajulu et al, 2005) in the form of NH þ 4 . Moreover, evidence accumulates that AM fungi may possess the ability to mobilize N from organic sources (Hodge et al, 2001Atul-Nayyar et al, 2009;Leigh et al, 2009;Barrett et al, 2011). Abovementioned studies have revealed that the N mobilized from patches can account for up to 32% of the total N present in the patch (Leigh et al, 2009), that N mobilization is possible at temperatures close to 10 C (Barrett et al, 2011) and that N mobilization may take place even when an AM fungus fails to stimulate plant growth .…”

Section: Am-mediated Effects On Individual N-cycling Processesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil nitrogen cycling

Veresoglou

Chen

Rillig

2012

Soil Biology and Biochemistry

290

153

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a b s t r a c tNitrogen is a major nutrient that frequently limits primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Therefore, the physiological responses of plants to soil nitrogen (N) availability have been extensively investigated, and the study of the soil N-cycle has become an important component of ecosystem ecology and biogeochemistry. The bulk of the literature in these areas has, however, overlooked the fact that most plants form mycorrhizal associations, and that nutrient uptake is therefore mediated by mycorrhizal fungi. It is well established that ecto-and ericoid mycorrhizas influence N nutrition of plants, but roles of arbuscular mycorrhizas in N nutrition are less well established; perhaps even more importantly, current conceptual models ignore possible influences of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on N-cycling processes. We review evidence for the interaction between the AM symbiosis with microbes and processes involved in soil N-cycling. We show that to date investigations have rather poorly addressed such interactions and discuss possible reasons for this. We outline mechanisms that could potentially operate with regards to AM fungal e N-cycling interactions, discuss experimental designs aimed at studying these, and conclude by pointing out priorities for future research.

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The arbuscular mycorrhizal symbiosis links N mineralization to plant demand

Cited by 136 publications

References 48 publications

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Nitrogen Uptake of Plants: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

Role of Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Fungi in the Nitrogen Uptake of Plants: Current Knowledge and Research Gaps

Nitrogen accumulation in plant tissues and roots and N mineralization under oilseeds, pulses, and spring wheat

Arbuscular mycorrhiza and soil nitrogen cycling

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