The Aral Sea: A Story of Devastation and Partial Recovery of a Large Lake

Micklin, Philip; Аладин, Н. В.; Chida, Tetsuro; Boroffka, Nikolaus; Плотников, И. С.; Krivonogov, Sergey K.; White, Kristopher D.

doi:10.1007/978-3-030-42254-7_4

Cited by 25 publications

(33 citation statements)

References 38 publications

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“…We propose this species to be classified as LC. While the species has incurred a reduction of range given regional extirpation in the Aral Sea (Andreev et al 1992;Aladin et al 1998;Micklin et al 2014), it still occupies a very large distribution range and is common within the Caspian and Azov drainage basins. Moreover, it has expanded into man-made channels between the Volga and Don rivers (personal observation A.F.S.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

Sands¹,

Glöer²,

Gürlek³

et al. 2020

ZSE

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Asia contains a high species diversity of the freshwater gastropod genus Theodoxus. Recent molecular and morphological reviews of this diversity have uncovered a number of yet undescribed species while suggesting the urgent revision of several others. Moreover, some of these studies have indicated a number of species previously not recorded for this continent. Despite the advancements, a taxonomic revision and an update on the distribution of Theodoxus spp. in Asia is still pending. Here, we construct the most robust phylogeny of Theodoxus up to now and review original descriptions, type material, recent taxonomic revisions, compendia, and species lists to provide a comprehensive checklist of all known extant Asian Theodoxus spp. Our checklist also provides descriptions for three recently discovered and yet undescribed species (Theodoxus gurur Sands & Glöer, sp. nov., Theodoxus wesselinghi Sands & Glöer, sp. nov., and Theodoxus wilkei Sands & Glöer, sp. nov.), as well as shows the need to synonymise several previously described morphospecies. The present revision recognizes 14 extant Theodoxus spp. for Asia. Some of these species are widespread, while others are endemic to just a single location. Based on the revised and new distribution data, we provide updates and new assessments of species conservation statuses.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

Sands¹,

Glöer²,

Gürlek³

et al. 2020

ZSE

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“…Historical data shows that the Aral Sea had stable levels fluctuating between 50 and 53 m during the last 200 years, prior to 1960 [9,32]. During this period, the Aral Sea surface was 51-61 × 10 3 km 2 and its water balance was supported by Kara-Bogaz-Gol and the Amy Darya and Syr Darya rivers due to precipitation and river outflow [11,33]. Really, 50-60 km 3 /year is evaporated from the Aral Sea surface, 9-10 km 3 /year of water arrives with precipitation and 33-64 km 3 /year is delivered with river inflow [34].…”

Section: Evaporation/precipitation Scenario (Eps)mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The Principal scheme of the EPS is represented in Figure 2, where numerous water flow studies were detailed and evaluated [3,[7][8][9]11,12,33,40]. For example, basic flows, E 1 and E 6 , are assessed as 370.1 ± 19.3 km 3 /year and 69.4 ± 13.7 km 3 /year, respectively.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Hydrological Model for Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Region

2019

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Possible scenarios of the Aral Sea crisis solution are discussed, and a new scenario is proposed. Previous scenarios have provided for the transfer of water from Siberian Rivers to Central Asia and the restriction of unsustainable expansion of irrigation in this region. The scenario proposed in this paper is partly based on the use of Caspian water evaporators located on the eastern coast of the Caspian Sea. Engineering realization of this scenario needs only the construction of the drainage system for the runoff of Caspian waters to the natural evaporators, between which Kara-Bogaz-Gol is the functioning evaporator. This paper shows that realization of this scenario allows the rescue of the Aral Sea and normalization of the water balance in Central Asia. Under this, as the simulation modeling results show, there exist different versions of the scenario depending on the area of evaporators and restrictions for the runoff of Amu Darya and Syr Darya waters to the irrigation systems. Calculation results show that the Aral Sea could be restored within 90–240 years depending on the scenario versions. With only Kara-Bogaz-Gol as the evaporator, the Aral Sea cannot be restored within a century. Additionally, if the anthropogenic runoff of river waters was decreased by 10 percent, the Aral Sea would be restored over about 90 years. Possible versions of the recovery scenario are discussed and assessed.

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“…Its vast (approximately 2.2 million km 2 ) river basin ( Fig. 2) is mainly typical of a lowland desert [Micklin et al 2014].…”

Section: Anthropogenic Impact On the Environment In The Region Of Thementioning

confidence: 99%

Anthropogenic Impact on the Environment (Case Study)

Chmielewski¹,

Kusztal²,

Żeber–Dzikowska³

2018

Ochrona Srodowiska I Zasobów Naturalnych

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The Aral Sea: A Story of Devastation and Partial Recovery of a Large Lake

Cited by 25 publications

References 38 publications

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

A revision of the extant species of Theodoxus (Gastropoda, Neritidae) in Asia, with the description of three new species

Hydrological Model for Sustainable Development in the Aral Sea Region

Anthropogenic Impact on the Environment (Case Study)

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