The Arabidopsis <i>TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A</i> Gene Is Involved in the Control of the α/β-Tubulin Monomer Balance

Kirik, Viktor; Grini, Paul E.; Mathur, Jaideep; Klinkhammer, Irene; Adler, Klaus; Bechtold, Nicole; Herzog, Michel; Bonneville, Jean‐Marc; Hülskamp, Martin

doi:10.1105/tpc.003020

Cited by 66 publications

(51 citation statements)

References 48 publications

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“…In trichomes, microtubules have two main functions: As in other plant cell types, they are responsible for the regulation of anisotropic cell expansion (i.e., differential expansion of the different axes), but they are also required for cell branching. Both functions are supported by phenotypes obtained by applying antimicrotubule drugs and by various Arabidopsis mutants affected in the microtubule cytoskeleton (Torres-Ruiz and Jürgens, 1994;Oppenheimer et al, 1997;Burk et al, 2001;Kirik et al, 2002;Abe et al, 2004;Buschmann and Lloyd, 2008). In the wild type, and at around the time of branch initiation, cortical microtubules gather to form a collar of microtubule bundles in the apical part of the elongating trichome stalk.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cortical Microtubules in the Differentiation ofArabidopsisLeaf Trichomes

et al. 2014

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Arabidopsis thaliana tortifolía2 carries a point mutation in a-tubulin 4 and shows aberrant cortical microtubule dynamics. The microtubule defect of tortifolia2 leads to overbranching and right-handed helical growth in the single-celled leaf trichomes. Here, we use tortifolia2 to further our understanding of microtubules in plant cell differentiation. Trichomes at the branching stage show an apical ring of cortical microtubules, and our analyses support that this ring is involved in marking the prospective branch site. tortifolia2 showed ectopic microtubule bundles at this stage, consistent with a function for microtubules in selecting new branch sites. Overbranching of tortifolia2 required the C-terminal binding protein/brefeldin A-ADP ribosylated substrate protein ANGUSTIFOLIA1, and our results indicate that the angustifolia1 mutant is hypersensitive to alterations in microtubule dynamics. To analyze whether actin and microtubules cooperate in the trichome cell expansion process, we generated double mutants of tortifolia2 with distorted1, a mutant that is defective in the actin-related ARP2/3 complex. The double mutant trichomes showed a complete loss of growth anisotropy, suggesting a genetic interaction of actin and microtubules. Green fluorescent protein labeling of F-actin or microtubules in tortifolia2 distorted1 double mutants indicated that F-actin enhances microtubule dynamics and enables reorientation. Together, our results suggest actin-dependent and -independent functions of cortical microtubules in trichome differentiation.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 82%

Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cortical Microtubules in the Differentiation ofArabidopsisLeaf Trichomes

et al. 2014

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“…Reduced trichome branching and pavement cell morphogenesis defects have often been associated with microtubule cytoskeleton defects (Burk et al, 2001;Kirik et al, 2002aKirik et al, , 2002bFu et al, 2005Fu et al, , 2009. To test if the PM-TON2 construct caused changes in microtubule cytoskeleton organization, we introduced the YFP:TUA5 microtubule marker into PM-TON2 plants.…”

Section: Plasma Membrane Targeting Of Ton2 Changes Cell Shape and Micmentioning

confidence: 99%

TONNEAU2/FASS Regulates the Geometry of Microtubule Nucleation and Cortical Array Organization in Interphase Arabidopsis Cells

2012

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Organization of microtubules into ordered arrays involves spatial and temporal regulation of microtubule nucleation. Here, we show that acentrosomal microtubule nucleation in plant cells involves a previously unknown regulatory step that determines the geometry of microtubule nucleation. Dynamic imaging of interphase cortical microtubules revealed that the ratio of branching to in-bundle microtubule nucleation on cortical microtubules is regulated by the Arabidopsis thaliana B99 subunit of protein phosphatase 2A, which is encoded by the TONNEAU2/FASS (TON2) gene. The probability of nucleation from g-tubulin complexes localized at the cell cortex was not affected by a loss of TON2 function, suggesting a specific role of TON2 in regulating the nucleation geometry. Both loss of TON2 function and ectopic targeting of TON2 to the plasma membrane resulted in defects in cell shape, suggesting the importance of TON2-mediated regulation of the microtubule cytoskeleton in cell morphogenesis. Loss of TON2 function also resulted in an inability for cortical arrays to reorient in response to light stimulus, suggesting an essential role for TON2 and microtubule branching nucleation in reorganization of microtubule arrays. Our data establish TON2 as a regulator of interphase microtubule nucleation and provide experimental evidence for a novel regulatory step in the process of microtubule-dependent nucleation.

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“…As shown in Fig. 4B, both the wild-type and the mutants of KIS proteins from plants showed similar column distributions (fractions [18][19][20][21][22][23][24], suggesting that these mutation did not affect the oligomeric state of KIS protein in vivo and these two residues might directly participate in b-tubulin recognition. To further understand their roles in b-tubulin binding, mutants of E20Q and Y24F were constructed and analyzed using same methods as described above.…”

Section: Mutation Analysis Of the Residues Of Kis Responsible For B-tmentioning

confidence: 84%

“…Microtubule function is considered to be dependent on microtubule associated proteins (MAPs) involved in microtubule dynamics and factors involved in microtubule biogenesis. Five TFCs (TFC A-E) have been functionally characterized in Arabidopsis [19,20,[31][32][33]. In this study, we have determined the three-dimensional structure of Arabidopsis TFC A, which folds into a monomeric three-helix bundle in the same topology as Rbl2p monomer or human CoA, suggesting a conserved overall structure in the TFC A family.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Crystal structure of tubulin folding cofactor A from Arabidopsis thaliana and its β‐tubulin binding characterization

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Nan²,

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et al. 2010

FEBS Letters

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The Arabidopsis TUBULIN-FOLDING COFACTOR A Gene Is Involved in the Control of the α/β-Tubulin Monomer Balance

Cited by 66 publications

References 48 publications

Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cortical Microtubules in the Differentiation ofArabidopsisLeaf Trichomes

Actin-Dependent and -Independent Functions of Cortical Microtubules in the Differentiation ofArabidopsisLeaf Trichomes

TONNEAU2/FASS Regulates the Geometry of Microtubule Nucleation and Cortical Array Organization in Interphase Arabidopsis Cells

Crystal structure of tubulin folding cofactor A from Arabidopsis thaliana and its β‐tubulin binding characterization

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